About the Authors
Preface and Acknowledgements
1 Making Sense of Twenty-First-Century India
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Past and Present
1.3 The Impact of Colonialism in India
1.4 The Invention of Modern India
1.5 The Reinvention of India
Part One: Economy and Environment
2 When and Why Has Indiaâs Economic Growth Accelerated?
2.1 Introduction: Thinking About Economic Growth
2.2 Indiaâs History of Economic Growth
2.3 Economic Growth 1950â"1992: A Story of Failure?
2.4 Indiaâs âEconomic Reformsâ and Growth in 1993â"2001
2.5 âSuperfastâ Growth, Slowdown and Questionable Recovery: 2002â"2015
2.6 Conclusion
3 How âInclusiveâ is Indiaâs Economic Growth?
3.1 Introduction: Economic Growth and âDevelopmentâ
3.2 Constructions and Measurements of Poverty
3.3 Poverty Trends in India
3.4 Durable Inequalities in Indian Society, Mobility and the Missing Middle Class
3.5 Conclusion
4 Why Isnât India Doing Better at Realizing âInclusive Growthâ?
4.1 Introduction: The Pattern of Indiaâs Economic Growth
4.2 Has the Growth Process Ignored Indian Agriculture?
4.3 âJobless Growthâ, âExcluded Labourâ and âMake in Indiaâ
4.4 Conclusion: Binding Economic and Social Constraints
5 Can Indiaâs Economic Growth Be Reconciled with Sustainability and Environmental Justice?
5.1 Introduction: The Costs of Environmental Degradation
5.2 The Environment and Development Debate: Must Growth Come First?
5.3 Environmental Conflicts: Capital, State, Civil Society and People
5.4 Environmental Policy and the Practice of Regulation
5.5 Conclusion
Part Two: Politics
6 Has India Become the Hindu Rashtra?
6.1 Introduction: âGod Manâ to Government
6.2 The RSS, the BJP and the Struggle for Hindutva
6.3 Temples, Gods and Gurus: Banal Hinduism, Banal Hindutva
6.4 Banal Hindutva, Communal Violence and the State
6.5 Hindutva Rising
6.6 Authoritarian Populism and the Indian Case
6.7 Conclusion
7 Is Indiaâs Democracy at Risk?
7.1 Introduction
7.2 India as a Formal Democracy
7.3 India as Substantive Democracy 1947â"2014
7.4 Substantive Democratization Since 2014
7.5 Conclusions
8 Why Hasnât Democracy Made Indian Governments More Responsive?
8.1 Introduction: Economic and Social Rights and the Indian Constitution
8.2 The âNew Rights Agendaâ
8.3 From Rights Legislation to Implementation
8.4 Social Rights under the First Modi Government
8.5 How Government Works
8.6 Conclusions
9 Is There a Countermovement against Neoliberalism in India?
9.1 Introduction: Polanyiâs Idea of the âDouble Movementâ and India Today
9.2 Towards Social Movement Unionism?
9.3 Rural Struggles: Agrarian Crisis, and the âNewâ Land Question
9.4 Middle-Class Activism
9.5 Conclusions
Part Three: Society
10 Is India Witnessing a Social Revolution?
10.1 Introduction
10.2 What is the Social Revolution?
10.3 Cultural Renaissance
10.4 Growing Prominence of Civil Society
10.5 Constraints on Indiaâs Social Revolution
10.6 Conclusion
11 Does Caste Still Matter in India?
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Caste in Mid-Twentieth-Century India
11.3 The Decline of Caste Hierarchies
11.4 Caste, Identity and Politics
11.5 Caste as Habitus: Hierarchy Revisited
11.6 Conclusions
12 Why Does Gender Inequality Persist in India?
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Gender Relations and the Family
12.3 Gender Inequality in Education and the Workplace
12.4 Politicizing Gender Inequality
12.5 Conclusion
13 Can Youth Transform India?
13.1 Introduction: Ideas about âYouthâ
13.2 School Education
13.3 Higher Education
13.4 Unemployment
13.5 The Politics of Youth Unemployment
13.6 Conclusions
Afterword
14 Afterword: Is India Now a âLeading Powerâ?
14.1 Introduction: Indiaâs Transformations and the International Arena
14.2 Coming in from the Margins: India in the World in the Late Twentieth Century
14.3 After the Cold War: An âEmerging and Responsible Powerâ?
14.4 Conclusion: Still an Aspirant as a âLeading Powerâ
Glossary
References
Index
