ICRP Publication 117

SUMMARY POINTS * 1. What is the motivation for this report? * 1.1. Which procedures are of concern and who is involved? * 1.2. Who has the potential to receive high radiation doses? * 1.3. Lack of training, knowledge, awareness and skills in radiological protection * 1.4. Patient versus occupational radiation doses * 1.5. Fear and overconfidence * 1.6. Training * 1.7. Why this report? * 1.8. References * 2. HEALTH EFFECTS OF IONISING RADIATION * 2.1. Introduction * 2.2. Radiation exposure in context * 2.3. Health effects of ionising radiation * 2.3.1. Tissue reactions * 2.3.2. Stochastic effects * 2.3.3. Individual differences in radiosensitivity * 2.4. References * 3. PATIENT AND OCCUPATIONAL PROTECTION * 3.1 General methods and principles of radiological protection * 3.2. Requirements for the facility * 3.3. Common aspects of patient and occupational protection * 3.3.1. Patient specific factors * 3.3.2. Technique factors * 3.4. Specific aspects of occupational protection * 3.4.1. Shielding * 3.4.2. Individual monitoring * 3.5. References * 4. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE * 4.1. Vascular surgery * 4.1.1. Levels of radiation dose * 4.1.2. Radiation dose management * 4.2. Urology * 4.2.1. Levels of radiation dose * 4.2.2. Radiation dose management * 4.3. Orthopaedic surgery * 4.3.1. Levels of radiation dose * 4.3.2. Radiation dose management * 4.4. Obstetrics and gynaecology * 4.4.1. Levels of radiation dose * 4.4.2. Radiation dose management * 4.5. Gastroenterology and hepato-biliary system * 4.5.1. Levels of radiation dose * 4.5.2. Radiation dose management * 4.6. Anaesthetics and pain management * 4.7. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) * 4.7.1. Levels of radiation dose * 4.7.2. Radiation dose management * 4.8. References * 5. PREGNANCY AND CHILDREN * 5.1. Patient exposure and pregnancy * 5.2. Guidelines for patients undergoing radiological examinations/procedures at child bearing age * 5.3. Guidelines for patients known to be pregnant * 5.4. Occupational exposure and pregnancy * 5.5. Procedures in children * 5.5.1. Levels of radiation dose * 5.5.2. Radiation dose management * 5.6. References * 6. TRAINING * 6.1. Introduction * 6.2. Curriculum * 6.3. Who should be the trainer? * 6.4. How much training? * 6.5. Recommendations on training * 6.5. References * 7. Recommendations * ANNEX A. DOSE QUANTITIES AND UNITS * A.1. Quantities for assessment of patient doses * A.2. Quantities for occupational dose assessment * A.3. References *