Hydrostatic Extrusion

1 Introduction.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Theory of Hydrostatic Extrusion.- Section 1 Fundamentals of Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Flow Stress and Extrusion Pressure.- 3. Geometrical Factors Affecting Extrusion Pressure.- 4. Ductile Fracture.- 5. Property of Product.- Section 2 Mechanics of Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Analytical Methods for Extrusion.- 2. Stress and Strain.- 3. Upper Bound Method.- 4. Rigid-Plastic Finite Element Method.- 5. Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Method.- Section 3 Lubrication in Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Inlet Zone-Liquid Lubricants.- 3. Inlet Zone-Solid Lubricants.- 4. Steady Lubrication.- 5. Unsteady Lubrication.- 6. Lubricant Selection.- Section 4 Dynamics of Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Dynamics of Billet Motion.- 3. Dynamics of Press Ram Motion.- 4. Conclusions.- 3 Cold and Warm Hydrostatic Extrusion Process.- 3 Cold and Warm Hydrostatic Extrusion Process.- Section 1 Introduction.- Section 2 Main Features of Hydrostatic Extrusion.- Section 3 Methods of Cold and Warm Extrusion.- 1. Extrusion Process.- 2. Industrial Method for Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 3. Applications.- Section 4 Extrusion Pressure.- 1. Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys.- 2. Copper and Copper Alloys.- 3. Steels.- 4. Special Metals and Alloy.- 5. Clad Composite Metals.- Section 5 Process Parameters.- 1. Lubrication.- 2. Die Design.- 3. Billet Nose Geometry.- 4. Extrusion Temperature.- Section 6 Properties of Product.- 1. Surface Quality.- 2. Dimension.- 3. Microstructure.- 4. Mechanical Properties.- 4 Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion Process.- 4 Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion Process.- Section 1 Introduction.- Section 2 Method of Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Process of Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 2. Pressure Medium.- Section 3 Thermal Problems in Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Temperature Rise of Product.- 2. Die and Mandrel for High Temperature Use.- Section 4 Pressure Requirement for Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion.- Section 5 Quality of Extruded Products.- Section 6 Production Process Using Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 5 Plant Equipment for Hydrostatic Extrusion.- Section 1 Extrusion Press and Auxiliary Equipment.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Type of Hydrostatic Extrusion Press.- 3. Movement of Hydrostatic Extrusion Press.- 4. Structure of Hydrostatic Extrusion Press.- 5. Main Parts and Tools for Hydrostatic Extrusion Press.- 6. Auxiliary Equipment.- 7. Conclusions.- Section 2 Tooling for Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials for Tools.- 3. High Pressure Container.- 4. Stem.- 5. Die and Mandrel.- Section 3 Hydrostatic Extrusion Plants in Industry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Description of 4,000 Tonf Hydrostatic Extrusion Press.- 3. Auxiliary Equipment.- 4. Solid-Rod Extrusion with 4,000 Tonf Press.- 5. Pipe Extrusion with 4,000 Tonf Extrusion Press.- 6. Conclusion.- 6 Hydrostatic Extrusion of Various Materials.- Section 1 Clad Composite Metals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Method of Billet Making and Extrusion.- 3. Extrusion Pressure.- 4. Conditions for Sound Extrusion.- 5. Thickness Distribution of Clad Layers.- 6. Clad Composite Products.- Section 2 Selected Hydrostatic Extrusion Methods and Extruded Materials.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Thick-Film Hydrostatic Extrusion Process.- 3. Hydrostatic Extrusion of Brittle Materials.- 4. Extrusion with a Step-Bore Container.- Section 3 Fine Wires.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Equipment.- 3. Extrusion Pressure in Cold Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 4. Warm Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- Section 4 Polymers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Plastic Deformation of Polymers.- 3. Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure.- 4. Mechanics of Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 5. Lubrication.- 6. Process Variables.- 7. Properties of Product.- 8. Conclusions.- Author Index.