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338 Pages
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A transition to renewable and low-carbon forms of energy is being widely debated as a means of securing a sustainable future for mankind. Hydrogen Energy Challenges and Prospects, a new book from the authors of Clean Energy, considers the prospects for hydrogen as a universal energy vector and fuel for the decades to come. With no emissions other than water arising from its combustion, the potential virtues of harnessing and utilizing hydrogen correlate with recent growing concern over the security of conventional fuel supply and global climate change. This book sets out to analyze the technical situation in an objective fashion, free from the constraints of political and industrial loyalties. Areas covered include pathways to hydrogen production, prospects for carbon capture and storage, options for hydrogen storage on vehicles, fuel cells, and fuel cell vehicles. Each of the many facets of hydrogen energy is discussed and the challenges to be faced are addressed. The authors acknowledge it is not possible to reach a simple, unequivocal conclusion regarding overall prospects, since the international energy scene is so complex, and predicting long-term futures is so notoriously difficult. Nevertheless, the reader will be given compelling pointers indicative of the way in which events might develop. This topical book is ideal for undergraduates, postgraduates and academics with an interest in hydrogen energy. Government agencies and energy professionals will also find this content to be a useful reference source.
Industry Reviews
"...offers a comprehensive view of the wider picture..""...well rounded"
* Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 39:311-312 *"..is a valuable source of up-to-date information with a wealth of data throughly collected and referenced at the end of each chapter.""..well illustrated with photos, schematic drawings and presetations of data in graphs or tables. Complex mathematical formulas are avoided, which makes the book easy to read and suitable for a wide readership with the common background of natural science."
* Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 2008, 47, 5880 - 5881, Gerhard Kreysa, Klaus Juttner *"This book is therefore very timely i would recommend it highly for undergraduates, postgraduates and to all energy professionals and government agencies who want a succinct but authoritative summary of the challenges and prospects for hydrogen energy."
* Energy News, Volume 26, No.3, September 2009, Dr Andrew Dicks *"...detialed survey of the hydrogen economy is essential reading for both specialists, industry managers and why not, politicians who wish to have a non-ideological and judicious view of the hydrogen economy."
* Chemsuschem, 2008, 1, 863 - 864, Claudio Bianchini. *This is an excellent text, which gives a comprehensive description of the technologies associated with the introduction of the hydrogen economy and more importantly a similarly comprehensive and balanced coverage of the complex and often contradictory issues surrounding hydrogen energy. Written at a level that has something for everyone.The Book is more than just a text, it is a wide ranging analysis of the twin issues facing the global energy industry.I urge everyone who has an interest in energy or hydrogen, from student to policymaker to read this book. I certainly learned a great deal from reading it, in fact i wish i had written it.
* Materials Today, John A Kilner, Imperial College London *If you are looking for a challenge and hoping to see hydrogen occupy a serious role in energy generation within your lifetime, make sure you read this book.Rand and Dell go into scientific and technical matters in exhaustive detail, thus making their book at once a fascinating read, a sourcebook of knowledge and a dossier of engineering and scientific challenges.
* Chemistry in Australia, May 2008, 29-30 (Ian D Rae) *Rand and Dell go into scientific and technical matters in exhaustive detail, thus making their book at once a fascinating read, a sourcebook of knowledge and a dossier of engineering and scientific challenges. The litany of chapter headings is a good place to get an overview of this book.If you are looking for a challenge and hoping to see hydrogen occupy a serious role in energy generation within your lifetime, make sure you read this book and think carefully about its messages
* Aust. Acad. Tech. Sci. Eng. 149, April 2008, 26-27 *| Abbreviations, Symbols and Units Used in Text | p. xix |
| Glossary of Terms | p. xxv |
| Conversion Factors for Units and Useful Quantities | p. xxxvi |
| Why Hydrogen Energy? | p. 1 |
| Security of Energy Supplies | p. 7 |
| Climate Change (Global Warming) | p. 15 |
| Atmospheric Pollution | p. 21 |
| Electricity Generation | p. 24 |
| Hydrogen as a Fuel | p. 28 |
| A Note of Caution | p. 32 |
| References | p. 32 |
| Hydrogen from Fossil Fuels and Biomass | p. 34 |
| Present and Projected Uses for Hydrogen | p. 35 |
| Natural Gas | p. 38 |
| Reforming of Natural Gas | p. 39 |
| Gas Separation Processes | p. 42 |
| Characteristics of Steam Reforming of Methane | p. 44 |
| Solar-Thermal Reforming | p. 45 |
| Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons | p. 46 |
| Other Processes | p. 46 |
| Autothermal Reforming | p. 46 |
| Sorbent-enhanced Reforming | p. 47 |
| Plasma Reforming | p. 47 |
| Membrane Developments for Gas Separation | p. 48 |
| Membrane Types | p. 48 |
| Membrane Reactors | p. 51 |
| Coal and Other Fuels | p. 52 |
| Gasification Technology | p. 53 |
| Entrained-flow Gasifier | p. 55 |
| Moving-bed Gasifier | p. 55 |
| Fluidized-bed Gasifier | p. 55 |
| Combined-cycle Processes | p. 57 |
| FutureGen Project | p. 59 |
| Biomass | p. 61 |
| Dry Biomass | p. 61 |
| Wet Biomass | p. 64 |
| Basic Research Needs | p. 65 |
| References | p. 66 |
| Carbon Sequestration | p. 67 |
| The Scale of Carbon Sequestration | p. 68 |
| Capture of Carbon Dioxide | p. 70 |
| Post-combustion Capture | p. 70 |
| Oxy-fuel Combustion | p. 72 |
| Chemical Looping Combustion | p. 73 |
| Pre-combustion Capture | p. 74 |
| Storage Options | p. 76 |
| Geological Storage | p. 77 |
| Enhanced Oil Recovery | p. 78 |
| Depleted Oil and Gas Fields | p. 81 |
| Saline Aquifers | p. 81 |
| Coal Seams | p. 84 |
| Oil or Gas Shales | p. 87 |
| Basalts | p. 88 |
| Supercritical Carbon Dioxide | p. 88 |
| Salt Caverns | p. 88 |
| Overall Prospects | p. 89 |
| Monitoring and Verification | p. 90 |
| Mineral Carbonation | p. 91 |
| Ocean Storage | p. 92 |
| Direct Approach | p. 93 |
| Indirect Approach | p. 97 |
| Atmosphere-Ocean Equilibrium | p. 98 |
| Biological Storage | p. 98 |
| Re-use of Carbon Dioxide | p. 99 |
| Transport to Storage Site | p. 100 |
| Institutional Issues | p. 101 |
| The Way Ahead | p. 103 |
| References | p. 104 |
| Hydrogen from Water | p. 106 |
| Electrolysis | p. 107 |
| Electrolyzers | p. 112 |
| Water Splitting with Solar Energy | p. 120 |
| Photovoltaic Cells | p. 120 |
| Solar-Thermal Process | p. 124 |
| Photo-electrochemical Cells | p. 125 |
| Dye-sensitized Solar Cells | p. 126 |
| Direct Hydrogen Production | p. 127 |
| Tandem Cells | p. 128 |
| Photo-biochemical Cells | p. 134 |
| Thermochemical Hydrogen Production | p. 136 |
| Sulfur-Iodine Cycle | p. 138 |
| Westinghouse Cycle | p. 139 |
| Sulfur-Ammonia Cycle | p. 140 |
| Metal Oxide Cycles | p. 141 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 142 |
| References | p. 144 |
| Hydrogen Distribution and Storage | p. 146 |
| Strategic Considerations | p. 146 |
| Distribution and Bulk Storage of Gaseous Hydrogen | p. 149 |
| Gas Cylinders | p. 150 |
| Pipelines | p. 155 |
| Large-scale Storage | p. 157 |
| Liquid Hydrogen | p. 158 |
| Metal Hydrides | p. 161 |
| Chemical and Related Storage | p. 166 |
| Simple Hydrogen-bearing Chemicals | p. 167 |
| Complex Chemical Hydrides | p. 169 |
| Nanostructured Materials | p. 172 |
| Hydrogen Storage on Road Vehicles | p. 176 |
| References | p. 178 |
| Fuel Cells | p. 179 |
| Fuel Cell History | p. 179 |
| Why Fuel Cells? | p. 182 |
| Fuel Cell Operation | p. 185 |
| Types of Fuel Cell: Low-to-Medium Temperature | p. 190 |
| Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) | p. 190 |
| Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) | p. 195 |
| Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell (DBFC) | p. 197 |
| Proton-exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) | p. 198 |
| Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) | p. 203 |
| Miniature Fuel Cells | p. 206 |
| Types of Fuel Cell: High Temperature | p. 210 |
| Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) | p. 210 |
| Internal Reforming | p. 215 |
| Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) | p. 216 |
| Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) | p. 216 |
| Fuel Cell Efficiencies | p. 222 |
| Applications for Fuel Cells | p. 225 |
| Large Stationary Power Generation | p. 225 |
| Small Stationary Power Generation | p. 225 |
| Mobile Power | p. 226 |
| Portable Power | p. 226 |
| Prognosis for Fuel Cells | p. 226 |
| References | p. 229 |
| Hydrogen-fuelled Transportation | p. 230 |
| Conventional Vehicles and Fuels | p. 231 |
| Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) | p. 234 |
| Classification of Hybrid Electric Vehicles | p. 234 |
| Cars | p. 236 |
| Buses | p. 237 |
| Batteries | p. 237 |
| Conventional versus Hybrid Vehicles | p. 239 |
| 'Green' Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines | p. 239 |
| Hydrogen-fuelled Internal Combustion Engines | p. 241 |
| Road Vehicles | p. 241 |
| Aircraft | p. 244 |
| Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) | p. 247 |
| Buses | p. 250 |
| Delivery Vehicles | p. 256 |
| Cars (Automobiles) | p. 256 |
| Other Vehicles | p. 264 |
| Submarines | p. 266 |
| Hydrogen Highways | p. 266 |
| Efficiency Calculations and Fuel Consumption | p. 269 |
| References | p. 273 |
| Hydrogen Energy: The Future? | p. 275 |
| World-wide Energy Problems | p. 275 |
| Security of Energy Supply | p. 276 |
| Climate Change | p. 277 |
| Hydrogen Energy: The Challenges | p. 279 |
| Production | p. 279 |
| Distribution and Storage | p. 281 |
| Fuel Cells | p. 282 |
| The Role of Government | p. 284 |
| Energy Conservation Policies | p. 284 |
| Energy Diversification | p. 286 |
| Electricity | p. 286 |
| Transportation | p. 288 |
| Carbon Emissions | p. 290 |
| Renewable Energy | p. 291 |
| Hydrogen Energy: The Prospects | p. 292 |
| Subject Index | p. 296 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780854045976
ISBN-10: 085404597X
Series: RSC Energy Series
Published: 14th December 2007
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 338
Audience: Professional and Scholarly
Publisher: Royal Society Of Chemistry
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 23.4 x 15.6 x 2.1
Weight (kg): 0.66
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