
Higher-Order Numerical Methods for Transient Wave Equations
By: Gary Cohen
Hardcover | 6 November 2001
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374 Pages
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"To my knowledge [this] is the first book to address specifically the use of high-order discretizations in the time domain to solve wave equations. [...] I recommend the book for its clear and cogent coverage of the material selected by its author." --Physics Today, March 2003
Industry Reviews
"The author finds in this book the right balance between theoretical and numerical analysis. [...] The book should be very useful to all of the graduate students, scientists, and engineers who want to learn the basics of the numerical analysis of time-dependent wave equations, and to the more advanced researchers who want a thorough and up-to-date presentation on the discretization of first-order hyperbolic systems." (Mathematical Reviews 2002m)
"To my knowledge, Higher-Order Numerical Methods for Transient Wave Equations, by Gary C. Cohen, is the first book to address specifically the use of high-order discretizations in the time domain to solve wave equations. [...] Cohen's book should be useful, especially to new researchers, and could even be a reference in a course. [...] I recommend the book for its clear and cogent coverage of the material selected by its author." (Physics Today, March 2003)
"It is arguably a 'must' for any university physics or engineering library. For those working in the field, the book would deserve a place on their bookshelf [...]." (The Physicist)
"This is a remarkable book about numerical treatment of wave-type equations in the time domain. [...] The book will be of particular interest to mathematicans, physicists and engineers working in academia as well as in industry on the field of numerical analysis of wave-like phenomena." (Zentralblatt der Mathematik)
"In summary, this book is a very valuable reference for the readers of this journal who are interested in the computational methods for transit waves. What make this book unique are the novel mass-lumping techniques for finite element methods, which are still being actively investigated." (Qing Huo Liu (Duke University, Durham, North Carolina), Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, American Institute of Physics July 2003, vol. 114, page 21)
| Basic Definitions and Properties | |
| The Basic Equations | p. 3 |
| The Acoustics Equation | p. 3 |
| The Maxwell Equations | p. 4 |
| The 3D Case | p. 4 |
| The 2D Case | p. 6 |
| The Elastics System | p. 7 |
| General Formulation | p. 7 |
| The Isotropic Case | p. 8 |
| Boundary Conditions | p. 11 |
| The Wave Equation | p. 11 |
| The Maxwell Equations | p. 12 |
| The Elastics System | p. 12 |
| Functional Issues | p. 15 |
| Some Functional Spaces | p. 15 |
| Sobolev Spaces | p. 15 |
| Spaces H(curl, ¿) and H(div, ¿) | p. 17 |
| Variational Formulations | p. 18 |
| The Acoustics Equation | p. 18 |
| The Maxwell Equations | p. 20 |
| The Elastics System | p. 22 |
| Energy Identities | p. 22 |
| The Acoustics Equation | p. 23 |
| The Maxwell Equations | p. 23 |
| The Elastics System | p. 24 |
| Plane Wave Solutions | p. 25 |
| A General Solution of the Homogeneous Wave Equation | p. 25 |
| Application to the Maxwell Equations | p. 26 |
| The 3D Case | p. 26 |
| The 2D Case | p. 28 |
| Application to the Elastics System | p. 29 |
| Finite Difference Methods | |
| Construction of the Schemes in Homogeneous Media | p. 35 |
| A Model Problem | p. 35 |
| Second-Order Approximation in Space | p. 35 |
| The 1D Case | p. 35 |
| The 2D Case | p. 38 |
| Fourth-Order Approximations in Space | p. 41 |
| First Approach: Global Approximation of ¿ | p. 41 |
| Second Approach: Fourth-Order Approximations of the First-Order Operators | p. 43 |
| Approximation in Time | p. 45 |
| The Modified Equation Approach | p. 46 |
| Symmetric Schemes | p. 48 |
| Higher-Order Approximations in Space | p. 50 |
| First Approach | p. 50 |
| Second Approach | p. 52 |
| Extension to Higher Dimensions | p. 54 |
| Higher-Order Approximations in Time | p. 56 |
| The Modified Equation Approach | p. 56 |
| Symmetric Schemes | p. 57 |
| Extension to Systems | p. 58 |
| The Maxwell Equations | p. 58 |
| The Elastics System | p. 60 |
| Higher-Order Approximation in Time | p. 62 |
| The Dispersion Relation | p. 65 |
| Second-Order Schemes for the Wave Equation | p. 65 |
| Using Plane Wave Solutions | p. 65 |
| Computation by the Discrete Fourier Transform | p. 66 |
| Symbol of an Operator | p. 68 |
| Higher-Order Approximations in Space | p. 69 |
| The First Approach | p. 69 |
| The Second Approach | p. 72 |
| Approximation in Time | p. 74 |
| Second-Order Approximation in Time | p. 74 |
| The Modified Equation Approach | p. 75 |
| Symmetric Schemes | p. 76 |
| The Case of Systems | p. 78 |
| The Maxwell Equations | p. 78 |
| The Elastics System | p. 80 |
| Stability of the Schemes | p. 83 |
| General Presentation | p. 83 |
| Positivity of an Operator | p. 84 |
| Second-Order Approximation in Time | p. 85 |
| Second-Order Approximation in Space | p. 86 |
| A Basic Property | p. 86 |
| Application to Higher-Order Approximation in Space | p. 87 |
| The Modified Equation Approach | p. 89 |
| Preliminary Results | p. 89 |
| Fourth-Order Approximation in Space: First Approach | p. 90 |
| Fourth-Order Approximation in Space: Second Approach | p. 92 |
| Symmetric Schemes | p. 95 |
| First Method | p. 95 |
| Second Method | p. 97 |
| The Case of Systems | p. 97 |
| A Numerical Illustration | p. 99 |
| Numerical Dispersion and Anisotropy | p. 101 |
| Phase and Group Velocities | p. 101 |
| The Concept of Numerical Dispersion | p. 102 |
| Order of the Numerical Dispersion | p. 103 |
| Schemes Semi-Discrete in Space | p. 104 |
| Fully Discrete Schemes: Second-Order in Time | p. 104 |
| Fully Discrete Schemes: The Modified Equation Approach | p. 106 |
| Fully Discrete Schemes: The Fourth-Order Symmetric Scheme | p. 106 |
| Error Committed on the Group Velocities | p. 108 |
| Change of Variables | p. 109 |
| Some Useful Properties of the Schemes | p. 111 |
| Relation between 1D and Higher Dimensions | p. 111 |
| Two Remarkable Schemes | p. 113 |
| Dispersion Curves | p. 114 |
| Second and Fourth-Order Schemes, Semi-Discrete in Space | p. 114 |
| Schemes, Second-Order in Time and Fourth-Order in Space | p. 114 |
| Schemes, Fourth-Order in Time and Space | p. 115 |
| Comparison with Higher-Order Schemes in Space | p. 118 |
| Isotropy Curves | p. 118 |
| The Elastics System | p. 118 |
| Construction of the Schemes in Heterogeneous Media | p. 123 |
| A General Framework | p. 123 |
| Second-Order Approximations | p. 123 |
| Higher-Order Approximations: First Approach | p. 124 |
| Higher-Order Approximations: Second Approach | p. 126 |
| The Case of Arakawa's Scheme | p. 128 |
| Approximation in Time | p. 129 |
| Second-Order Approximation in Time | p. 129 |
| The Heterogeneous Modified Equation | p. 130 |
| Expression of the Correction Term | p. 131 |
| Approximation of the Boundary Conditions | p. 133 |
| Second-Order Schemes | p. 133 |
| Higher-Order Schemes | p. 134 |
| Extension to Systems | p. 136 |
| Stability by Energy Techniques | p. 137 |
| Positivity of the Discrete Operators | p. 137 |
| Second-Order and Second Approach for Fourth-Order Approximations | p. 137 |
| Fourth-Order: First Approach | p. 138 |
| Stability Conditions | p. 142 |
| A General Framework | p. 142 |
| Computation of Ah for the Second-Order Approximation | p. 143 |
| Reflection-Transmission Analysis | p. 145 |
| The 1D Case | p. 145 |
| The Continuous Problem | p. 145 |
| Second-Order Approximation | p. 146 |
| Fourth-Order: First Approach | p. 147 |
| A Numerical Study | p. 153 |
| The 2D Case | p. 156 |
| The Continuous Problem | p. 156 |
| Second-Order Scheme | p. 158 |
| A Numerical Experiment | p. 162 |
| Finite Element Methods | |
| Mass-Lumping in 1D | p. 169 |
| Basic Approximations | p. 169 |
| Construction of Mass-Lumped Finite Elements | p. 169 |
| Approximation in Time | p. 177 |
| Dispersion Relations | p. 179 |
| P2 Finite Elements | p. 179 |
| P3 and Higher-Order Finite Elements | p. 181 |
| Stability Analysis | p. 186 |
| The Leapfrog Scheme | p. 186 |
| The Modified Equation Approach | p. 189 |
| Symmetric Schemes | p. 191 |
| Dispersion Analysis | p. 192 |
| Taylor Expansions | p. 192 |
| Dispersion Curves | p. 193 |
| Some Results on the Amplitudes | p. 194 |
| Error Estimates on the Physical Part of the Solution | p. 200 |
| Error Estimates on the Parasitic Part of the Solution | p. 202 |
| Reflection-Transmission Analysis | p. 202 |
| FEM Approximation of the Heterogeneous Wave Equation | p. 203 |
| Taylor Expansion of the Wavenumber | p. 203 |
| Interface Between Two Elements | p. 204 |
| Interface at an Interior Point | p. 205 |
| Extension to Higher-Order Approximations | p. 206 |
| Taylor Expansions of the Eigenvectors | p. 208 |
| Spectral Elements | p. 211 |
| Construction of Quadrilateral and Hexahedral Finite Elements | p. 211 |
| Reference Spectral Elements | p. 211 |
| Extension to Quadrilateral Meshes | p. 214 |
| Extension to Hexahedral Meshes | p. 220 |
| Plane Wave Analysis of Regular Meshes | p. 222 |
| Decomposition of the Discrete Equations | p. 222 |
| Decomposition of the Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors | p. 225 |
| Some Analysis of Non-Regular Meshes in 2D | p. 230 |
| Dispersion Analysis | p. 230 |
| Numerical Study of the Stability | p. 231 |
| Numerical Study of the Accuracy | p. 234 |
| A Two-Layer Experiment | p. 238 |
| Triangular and Tetrahedral Meshes | p. 244 |
| The Basic Problem | p. 244 |
| A New Family of Triangular Elements | p. 250 |
| Tetrahedral Elements | p. 254 |
| Non-Conforming Triangular Elements | p. 257 |
| A Numerical Illustration | p. 259 |
| Mass-Lumped Mixed Formulations and Edge Elements | p. 261 |
| Variational Extensions of the Yee Scheme | p. 261 |
| The Model Problem | p. 261 |
| A First Family of Hexahedral Edge Elements | p. 262 |
| The 2D Case | p. 269 |
| Efficient Edge Elements for the Maxwell Equations | p. 271 |
| Extension to Anisotropic Media and Complex Geometries | p. 271 |
| New Spaces of Approximation | p. 273 |
| Basis Functions and Degrees of Freedom | p. 274 |
| The Mass Integral | p. 277 |
| The Stiffness Integral | p. 279 |
| An Efficient Alternative | p. 280 |
| The 2D Case | p. 283 |
| A 2D Numerical Experiment | p. 284 |
| Triangular and Tetrahedral Edge Elements | p. 284 |
| Triangular Edge Elements | p. 286 |
| Tetrahedral Edge Elements | p. 289 |
| Spaces of Approximation | p. 292 |
| A New Formulation of Spectral Elements | p. 294 |
| A New Approximation of the Wave Equation | p. 294 |
| A Theorem of Equivalence | p. 296 |
| Extension to the Elastics System | p. 301 |
| Modeling Unbounded Domains | p. 307 |
| History of the Problem | p. 307 |
| Perfectly Matched Layers | p. 308 |
| Presentation of the Method | p. 308 |
| Construction of the PML in 2D | p. 311 |
| The Three-Dimensional Case | p. 317 |
| Finite Element Approximation | p. 320 |
| Approximation in Time | p. 321 |
| Numerical Illustrations | p. 322 |
| PML for the 2D Elastics System | p. 322 |
| Scattering by an Ogive of an Electromagnetic Wave | p. 323 |
| A """"Foothills"""" Experiment | p. 324 |
| Computational Issues | p. 329 |
| Tetrahedra or Hexahedra? | p. 329 |
| Finite Element or Finite Difference Methods? | p. 330 |
| Appendix: Construction of a General H(curl)-Conforming Transform | p. 331 |
| Local H(curl, &Kcirc;)-Conforming Isomorphism | p. 331 |
| Notation | p. 331 |
| A Local H(curl, &Kcirc;)-Conforming Isomorphism | p. 332 |
| Global H(curl, ¿)-Conforming Isomorphism | p. 336 |
| Notation | p. 336 |
| A Global H(curl, ¿)-Conforming Isomorphism | p. 337 |
| Bibliography | p. 341 |
| Index | p. 347 |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9783540415985
ISBN-10: 354041598X
Series: Scientific Computation
Published: 6th November 2001
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 374
Audience: General Adult
Publisher: Springer Nature B.V.
Country of Publication: DE
Dimensions (cm): 24.13 x 15.88 x 2.54
Weight (kg): 0.66
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