High Voltage Engineering and Testing

By: Hugh M. Ryan (Editor)

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Hardcover | 1 December 2000 | Edition Number 2

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744 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
23.4 x 15.6 x 3.96

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This fully revised and updated book aims to provide a sound appreciation of present day high voltage transmission equipment design and testing techniques. Within the book there is coverage of all the key components of HV power systems, together with HV transmission and distribution, commercial considerations and testing, measurement and accreditation. It is ideal for graduates and engineers entering the high voltage field, or practicing engineers wishing to extend the breadth of their knowledge of this area. The book is based on the latest version of the successful series of IEE Vacation Schools.

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Contributors	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
History of high voltage engineering	p. 2
High voltage power networks	p. 4
EC Directives	p. 6
The future of HV engineering	p. 7
Electric power transmission and distribution system	p. 9
Nature and development of transmission and distribution systems	p. 9
Structure of transmission and distribution systems	p. 23
Design of transmission and distribution systems	p. 31
Operation of transmission and distribution systems	p. 35
Future developments	p. 44
References	p. 53
Insulation co-ordination for AC transmission and distribution systems	p. 55
Introduction	p. 55
Classification of dielectric stress	p. 56
Voltage-time characteristics	p. 60
Factors affecting switching overvoltages	p. 62
Methods of controlling switching surges	p. 66
Factors affecting lightning overvoltages entering substations	p. 74
Methods of controlling lightning overvoltages	p. 82
Conclusions	p. 84
References	p. 85
Applications of gaseous insulants	p. 87
Introduction	p. 87
Atmospheric air clearances	p. 89
Other gases	p. 99
Switchgear and GIS	p. 103
System modelling	p. 121
Summary	p. 133
Acknowledgments	p. 134
References	p. 134
HVDC and power electronic systems	p. 137
Introduction	p. 137
HVDC transmission--a brief overview	p. 138
General principles	p. 140
Main components of HVDC links	p. 140
Convertor building	p. 155
Economics	p. 157
Power electronic support for AC systems	p. 159
Conclusions	p. 165
References	p. 165
Overhead lines	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
Towers and supports	p. 169
Conductors	p. 181
Dampers and spacer dampers	p. 189
Foundations	p. 193
Insulator design	p. 195
Electrical discharges	p. 202
Line construction	p. 207
European standards and their impact	p. 210
References	p. 211
Conductor sag and tension calculations	p. 212
Change of state equation	p. 214
Ampacity of OHL conductor	p. 215
Foundation calculations	p. 219
Calculation of RIV generated by a typical transmission line	p. 220
Calculation of corona loss dissipated by a typical transmission line	p. 223
High voltage cables	p. 227
Introduction	p. 227
The components of an insulated power cable system	p. 228
Design features	p. 230
Manufacturing processes and materials	p. 246
Testing	p. 258
Diagnostics	p. 264
Case studies	p. 267
References	p. 270
Gas filled interrupters--fundamentals	p. 273
Introduction	p. 273
Principles of current interruption in HV systems	p. 274
Arc control and extinction	p. 279
Other performance inhibiting factors	p. 286
Other forms of interrupters	p. 292
Future trends	p. 294
References	p. 298
Switchgear design, development and service	p. 301
Introduction	p. 301
Interruptor development	p. 302
Arc interruption	p. 307
Third generation interrupters	p. 313
Dielectric design and insulators	p. 314
Mechanism	p. 316
SF[subscript 6] live- and dead-tank circuit-breakers	p. 316
Closing resistors/metal-oxide arresters	p. 322
Disconnector switching	p. 324
Ferroresonance	p. 325
System monitoring	p. 327
Insulation co-ordination	p. 329
Conclusions	p. 329
Acknowledgments	p. 330
References	p. 330
Appendix	p. 331
Transmission substations	p. 335
Introduction	p. 335
Site selection	p. 337
Substation design	p. 342
Concluding remarks	p. 348
References	p. 348
Distribution switchgear	p. 349
Introduction	p. 349
Substations	p. 351
Distribution system configurations	p. 355
Ratings	p. 359
Switching equipments	p. 361
Circuit protection devices	p. 381
Switchgear auxiliary equipment	p. 384
SF[subscript 6] handling and environmental concerns	p. 385
The future	p. 386
References	p. 389
Differences in performance between SF[subscript 2] and vacuum circuit-breakers at distribution voltage levels	p. 391
Introduction	p. 391
Circuit-breaker	p. 391
Vacuum circuit-breaker	p. 392
SF[subscript 6] gas circuit-breakers	p. 394
Puffer circuit-breaker	p. 394
Rotating-arc circuit-breaker	p. 395
Auto-expansion circuit-breaker	p. 396
Operating mechanism	p. 396
Choice of correct circuit-breaker for special switching duties	p. 398
Capacitive and inductive current switching	p. 398
Circuit-breakers for generator circuit switching	p. 400
Synchronised switching	p. 401
Conclusions	p. 402
Acknowledgments	p. 402
Bibliography	p. 402
High voltage bushings	p. 405
Introduction	p. 405
Types of bushings	p. 405
Bushing design	p. 410
Bushing applications	p. 416
Testing	p. 425
Maintenance and diagnosis	p. 431
References	p. 432
Design of high voltage power transformers	p. 435
Introduction	p. 435
Transformer action	p. 435
The transformer as a circuit parameter	p. 437
The core	p. 439
The windings	p. 443
Cooling systems	p. 447
The insulation	p. 449
The tank	p. 450
The bushings	p. 450
On-load tap-changers	p. 451
Design features	p. 452
Dielectric design	p. 452
Electromagnetic design	p. 455
Short-circuit forces	p. 457
Winding thermal design	p. 458
Conclusion	p. 459
References	p. 460
Transformer user requirements, specifications and testing	p. 463
Introduction	p. 463
User requirements	p. 464
Specification and standards	p. 470
Testing	p. 471
Concluding remarks	p. 477
Recent developments regarding life management of transformers	p. 478
References	p. 479
Basic measuring techniques	p. 481
Introduction	p. 481
Measuring system	p. 481
Amplitude measurements	p. 488
Time parameters	p. 500
Measuring purposes	p. 500
Conclusions	p. 501
References	p. 502
Basic testing techniques	p. 503
Introduction	p. 503
Recommendations and definitions	p. 504
Test voltages	p. 506
Impulse current	p. 523
Test conditions	p. 526
Conclusions	p. 531
References	p. 531
Partial discharge measuring technique	p. 533
Introduction	p. 533
Physical background of partial discharges	p. 534
Requirements on a partial discharge measuring system	p. 538
Measuring systems for apparent charge	p. 541
Calibration of a partial discharge measuring system	p. 543
Examples of partial discharge measurements	p. 543
Conclusions	p. 547
References	p. 547
Digital measuring technique and evaluation procedures	p. 549
Introduction	p. 549
Requirements on the recording device	p. 550
Requirements on the evaluation software	p. 554
Application of digital recording systems	p. 556
Application examples of evaluation procedures	p. 562
Summary	p. 568
References	p. 568
Traceable measurements in high voltage tests	p. 569
Introduction	p. 569
Direct voltage	p. 570
Alternating voltage	p. 570
Impulse voltage	p. 571
Linearity test	p. 572
Uncertainty of measurement	p. 573
Definitions related to accreditation	p. 574
Definitions related to uncertainty	p. 575
References	p. 579
Fundamental aspects of air breakdown	p. 581
Introduction	p. 581
Pre-breakdown discharges	p. 581
The 'U-curve'	p. 583
The gap factor	p. 585
Sparkover characteristics	p. 589
Atmospheric effects	p. 595
New developments	p. 599
References	p. 599
Optical fibre based monitoring of high voltage power equipment	p. 601
Introduction	p. 601
Optical fibre fundamentals	p. 602
Optical fibre sensing	p. 608
Acknowledgments	p. 633
References	p. 633
Condition monitoring of high voltage equipment	p. 635
Introduction	p. 635
Condition monitoring overview	p. 636
Examples of in-service condition monitoring	p. 638
Condition monitoring of high voltage transformers	p. 648
Intelligent monitoring system--switchgear example	p. 653
References	p. 672
Life management of electrical plant	p. 675
Introduction	p. 675
Reliability	p. 677
Condition monitoring	p. 686
Plant maintenance	p. 702
Working plant harder	p. 706
Information management	p. 710
Conclusions	p. 711
References	p. 711
Index	p. 713
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

High Voltage Engineering and Testing

At a Glance

Hardcover

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

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