High Cycle Fatigue

A Mechanics of Materials Perspective

By: Theodore Nicholas

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Hardcover | 7 July 2006

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Hardcover
656 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
24.77 x 15.88 x 3.81

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Dr Theodore Nicholas ran the High Cycle Fatigue Program for the US Air Force between 1995 and 2003 at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, and is one of the world's leading authorities on the subject, having authored over 250 papers in leading archival journals and books.

Bringing his plethora of expertise to this book, Dr Nicholas discusses the subject of high cycle fatigue (HCF) from an engineering viewpoint in response to a series of HCF failures in the USAF and the concurrent realization that HCF failures in general were taking place universally in both civilian and military engines.

Topic covered include:

Constant life diagrams
Fatigue limits under combined LCF and HCF
Notch fatigue under HCF conditions
Foreign object damage (FOD)

Brings years of the Author's US Air Force experience in high cycle fatigue together in one text
Discusses HCF in the context of recent international military and civilian engine failures

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Mechanical Engineering & Materials Mechanical Engineering Science Physics Classical Mathematics Kids & Children's Books Educational Material Technology Educational Material Materials Science Mechanics of Solids

Stress & Fracture

Preface	p. x
Introduction and Background	p. 1
Introduction	p. 3
Historical background	p. 3
What is High Cycle Fatigue?	p. 4
HCF design considerations	p. 5
HCF design requirements	p. 9
Root causes of HCF	p. 11
Field failures	p. 13
Damage tolerance	p. 16
Application to HCF	p. 20
Current status	p. 23
Field experience	p. 25
Characterizing Fatigue Limits	p. 27
Constant life diagrams	p. 27
Gigacycle fatigue	p. 27
Characterizing fatigue cycles	p. 34
Fatigue limit stresses	p. 35
Equations for constant life diagrams	p. 41
Haigh diagram at elevated temperature	p. 47
Role of mean stress in constant life diagrams	p. 51
Jasper equation	p. 56
Observations on step tests at negative R	p. 65
Accelerated Test Techniques	p. 70
Historical background	p. 70
Coaxing	p. 70
Early test methods	p. 72
Step test procedures	p. 75
Statistical considerations	p. 76
Influence of number of steps	p. 78
Validation of the step-test procedure	p. 80
Observations from the last loading block	p. 85
Comments on step testing	p. 89
Staircase testing	p. 90
Probability plots	p. 91
Statistical analysis	p. 95
Dixon and Mood method	p. 95
Numerical simulations	p. 99
Sample size considerations	p. 104
Construction of an "artificial" staircase	p. 105
Other methods	p. 106
Random fatigue limit (RFL) model	p. 109
Data analysis	p. 113
Summary comments on FLS statistics	p. 120
Constant stress tests	p. 123
Run-outs and maximum likelihood (ML) methods	p. 126
Resonance testing techniques	p. 129
Frequency effects	p. 134
Effects of Damage on HCF Properties	p. 143
LCF-HCF Interactions	p. 145
Small cracks and the Kitagawa diagram	p. 145
Behavior of notched specimens	p. 149
Effects of LCF loading on HCF limit stress	p. 153
Studies of naturally initiated LCF cracks	p. 170
Crack-propagation thresholds	p. 170
Overloads and load-history effects	p. 172
An overload model	p. 180
Analysis using an overload model	p. 182
Examples of LCF-HCF interactions	p. 183
Design considerations	p. 193
LCF-HCF nomenclature	p. 196
Example of anomalous behavior	p. 197
Another example of anomalous behavior	p. 200
Combined cycle fatigue case studies	p. 204
Notch Fatigue	p. 213
Introduction	p. 213
Stress concentration factor	p. 213
What is k[subscript t]?	p. 215
Fatigue notch factor	p. 216
k[subscript f] versus k[subscript t] relations	p. 217
Equations for k[subscript f]	p. 218
Fracture mechanics approaches for sharp notches	p. 222
Cracks versus notches	p. 225
Mean stress considerations	p. 228
Plasticity considerations	p. 232
Negative mean stresses	p. 238
Fatigue limit strength of notched components	p. 239
Non-damaging notches	p. 241
Size effects and stress gradients	p. 242
Critical distance approaches	p. 242
Analysis methods	p. 246
Effects of defects on fatigue strength	p. 251
Notch fatigue at elevated temperature	p. 254
Fretting Fatigue	p. 261
Introduction	p. 261
Observations of fretting fatigue	p. 263
Representing total contact loads, Q and P	p. 267
Load and stress distributions	p. 271
Effects of local and bulk stresses on stress intensity	p. 272
Mechanisms of fretting fatigue	p. 277
Mechanics of fretting fatigue	p. 279
Stress analysis of contact regions	p. 281
Multiple crack considerations	p. 283
Analytical solutions	p. 284
Role of slip amplitude	p. 292
Stress-at-a-point approaches	p. 295
Fracture mechanics approaches	p. 300
A combined stress and K approach	p. 306
Comparison of fretting-fatigue fixtures	p. 309
Role of coefficient of friction	p. 312
Average versus local coefficient of friction	p. 317
Summary comments	p. 317
Foreign Object Damage	p. 322
Introduction	p. 322
Field experience and observations	p. 324
Repair by blending	p. 325
Background	p. 326
FOD data mining and investigation	p. 326
Definition of FOD	p. 328
Types of damage	p. 329
Scope of the FOD problem	p. 336
Laboratory simulation methods	p. 338
Solenoid gun	p. 338
Pendulum	p. 338
Quasi-static	p. 339
Simulations using a leading edge geometry	p. 339
Role of residual stresses	p. 344
Energy considerations	p. 345
Fatigue limit strength	p. 347
Simulations using a flat plate	p. 352
Other laboratory FOD simulations	p. 359
Analytical modeling of FOD	p. 368
Perturbation study	p. 371
Summary comments	p. 374
Applications	p. 377
HCF Design Considerations	p. 379
Factors of safety	p. 379
Modeling errors	p. 381
Material variability	p. 384
Fracture mechanics considerations	p. 386
Effects of defects	p. 390
Application to LCF-HCF	p. 396
Damage tolerance for HCF	p. 398
Material allowables	p. 400
Threshold concept for HCF	p. 403
Representing fatigue limit data	p. 405
Threshold considerations	p. 408
Experimental threshold measurements	p. 409
"Jump-in" method	p. 409
Mechanisms in threshold testing	p. 412
Load-history effects	p. 414
Compression precracking	p. 416
Load-shed rates	p. 416
Crack closure	p. 418
K[subscript max]-[Delta]K concept	p. 419
Crack propagation stress intensity factor	p. 422
An engineering approach to thresholds	p. 423
Observations from field failures	p. 424
Probabilistic approach to HCF/FOD design	p. 425
Residual stresses in HCF design	p. 430
Application to notches	p. 436
Shot peening	p. 441
Deep residual stresses	p. 447
Application to an airfoil geometry	p. 449
Crack arrest	p. 458
Crack growth retardation	p. 461
A numerical example	p. 462
Autofrettage	p. 464
Appendices
Early Railroad Accidents and the Origins of Research on Fatigue of Metals	p. 472
Final Report for the USAF High Cycle Fatigue Program	p. 493
HCF in ENSIP	p. 499
Evaluation of the Staircase Test Method using Numerical Simulation	p. 517
Estimation of HCF Threshold Stress Levels in Notched Components	p. 531
Analytical Modeling of Contact Stresses	p. 542
Experimental and Analytical Simulation of FOD	p. 558
FOD in JSSG	p. 600
Computation of High Cycle Fatigue Design Limits under Combined High and Low Cycle Fatigue	p. 617
Index	p. 639
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

High Cycle Fatigue

A Mechanics of Materials Perspective

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