Photographs, Figures, Maps and Tables.....vi
Abbreviations.....ix
Acknowledgments.....xi
Introduction.....3
Making Relations and Places.....5
The Creation of Value and Struggles over it on the Frontier.....10
Making Actors on the Frontier.....16
Conducting Research in Wide Bay.....20
Summary of the Chapters.....28
Wide Bay on the Map and in Context.....29
PART I LAND AND LOCALITY
Chapter 1: Gardens, Plants, and Land: Socially Productive Work and the Media of Relatedness.....35
Main Food Crops: Care, Continuity, and History.....40
Clearing and Dividing a Garden.....46
Gardens and Land Use.....51
Conclusions.....59
Chapter 2: Places of Origin, Villages of Belonging: Living History in the Mengen Landscape.....63
The Mengen Tree Calendar.....68
Gardening and Place-Making.....73
Placed Histories and Relating to the Land.....82
Conclusions.....87
PART II LOGGING AND LANDOWNER COMPANIES
Chapter 3: Frontier Forests: Logging and Landowner Companies in Wide Bay.....97
Historical and Institutional Background.....101
The Cape Orford TRP.....107
Proliferation of LOCs in Wide Bay.....114
Conclusions.....120
Chapter 4: "Nothing but a Name:" Constructing Corporate Entities in Logging.....123
The Meeting.....127
The LOC.....130
Disputing Clans.....136
"Nothing but a Name".....143
Conclusions.....147
PART III OIL PALM PLANTATIONS
Chapter 5: Frontier Outposts: Oil Palm Expansion and State Formation in East New Britain.....157
History of Plantations and Frontier Cycles.....162
State Effects on the Oil Palm Plantation.....172
Oil Palm Expansion and Infrastructural Connections in East New Britain.....179
Conclusions.....186
Chapter 6: "Life in the Village is Free:" Socially Productive Work and Alienated Labor on the Oil Palm Plantation.....191
Life on the Plantation.....194
Regimented Work.....197
Wok Mani-Wage Labor.....202
Converting Labor into Work.....207
Conclusions.....212
PART IV COMMUNITY CONSERVATION
Chapter 7: Conserving the Forest, Closing the Frontier: Environmental Conservation and Counter-Enclosure.....225
Community Conservation in Wide Bay.....229
Conservationists as Peasant Intellectuals.....234
"What Is Awareness?"-Challenging the Extractivist Hegemony.....241
Conclusions.....247
Chapter 8: "We Sacrifice the Forest to Get Development:" Struggle over Values in Conservation.....253
Conservation, Enclosure, and Territorialization.....256
Commodifying Conservation.....261
Sharing the Land or Exchanging Benefits? The Politics of Commodification.....266
Conclusions.....275
Conclusions: The Political Ecology of Value.....285
On Readjusting Our Values.....290
Epilogue: The Bones of Segletaun.....293
Bibliography.....295
Index.....319