List of Figures x iii
List of Tables xv
Acronyms and Abbreviations x vii
Glossary xix
Acknowledgments xxv
Dedication x xvii
Foreword xxix
Preface x xxiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Scope 1
1.3 Audience 5
1.4 Benefits 6
1.5 Applying CCPS Risk Based Process Safety (RBPS) 6
1.6 Incident discussions and guidance 7
1.7 Framework 8
2 Defining the Transition Times 16
2.1 Introduction 16
2.2 Defining the modes of operation 16
2.3 Responses to deviations during operations 17
2.4 A start-up incident 23
Part Iâ"Normal Operations
3 Normal Operations 29
3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 The normal operation 29
3.3 Procedures 37
3.4 Performing a normal shut-down 39
3.5 Start-up after a normal shut-down 40
3.6 Incidents and lessons learned 41
3.7 How the RBPS elements apply 43
4 Process Shutdowns 45
4.1 Introduction 45
4.2 The process shutdown 46
4.3 Projects requiring equipment or process unit shutdowns 48
4.4 A brief project life cycle phase overview 52
4.5 Preparing for planned project-related shutdowns 62
4.6 Start-up after planned project-related shutdowns 66
4.7 Incidents and lessons learned 69
4.8 How the RBPS elements apply 72
5 Facility Shutdowns 73
5.1 Introduction 73
5.2 The facility shutdown 73
5.3 Projects requiring a process unit or facility project-related shutdown 75
5.4 Preparing for a facility project-related shutdown 80
5.5 Start-up after a facility project-related shutdown 81
5.6 Incidents and lessons learned 83
5.7 How the RBPS elements apply 95
Part IIâ"Abnormal and Emergency Operations
6 Recovery 99
6.1 Introduction 99
6.2 Recovering from an abnormal operation 99
6.3 Anticipating abnormal operations 100
6.4 Managing abnormal operations 103
6.5 Incidents and lessons learned 110
6.6 How the RBPS elements apply 113
7 Unscheduled Shutdowns 115
7.1 Introduction 115
7.2 Unscheduled shutdowns 115
7.3 Anticipating and preparing for unscheduled shutdowns 116
7.4 Start-up after activating an unscheduled shut-down 119
7.5 Managing unscheduled shutdowns caused by natural hazard events 121
7.6 Incidents and lessons learned 126
7.7 How the RBPS elements apply 139
8 Emergency Shutdowns 141
8.1 Introduction 141
8.2 Emergency shutdowns 141
8.3 Safely responding to an incident 142
8.4 Anticipating and preparing for shut-downs in an emergency 143
8.5 Start-up after an emergency shutdown 150
8.6 Incidents and lessons learned 153
8.7 How the RBPS elements apply 156
Part IIIâ"Other Considerations
9 Other Transition Time Considerations 159
9.1 Introduction 159
9.2 A Life Cycle overview 160
9.3 Commissioning and initial start-up considerations 167
9.4 Incidents and lessons learned, commissioning and initial start-ups 174
9.5 End-of-life shut-down considerations 179
9.6 Mothballing considerations 182
9.7 Incidents and lessons learned, mothballing 183
9.8 Decommissioning considerations 184
9.9 Incidents and lessons learned, decommissioning 185
9.10 How the RBPS elements apply 186
10 Risk Based Process Safety (RBPS) Considerations 187
10.1 Introduction 187
10.2 An RBPS Overview 189
10.3 Applying RBPS to each transient operating mode 194
10.4 Effects of weak operational discipline 204
10.5 Approach for improving process safety performance 205
Appendix A 209
Transient operating modes: incident review and guidance 209
A.1 Introduction 209
A.2 Review of incidents during transient operating modes 209
A.3 Managing the unexpected during transient operating modes 223
References 237
Index 250
