Guide to the Unified Process featuring UML, Java and Design Patterns

By: John Hunt

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Hardcover | 2 September 2003 | Edition Number 2

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448 Pages

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Revised

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23.5 x 18.42 x 2.54

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The UML, or Unified Modeling Language, is the de facto standard adopted by the Object Management Group (OMG) and by almost all vendors of object modeling tools. The Unified Process is explicitly designed to work with the UML and is a whole design method covering the majority of the life cycle of a software product. John Hunt's book guides you through the use of the UML and the Unified Process and their application to Java systems. Key Topics Focusing explicitly on applying the notation and the method to Java, the book is clearly written to appeal to practitioners. This second edition is considerably revised and extended and includes examples taken from the latest version of Rational Rose and Together. All the UML references are updated to the latest version and the Patterns chapter has been expanded to include J2EE examples. New chapters are included showing how the Unified Process can be used in real world projects and project management, and there is comprehensive coverage of Agile Modeling. - A truly practical introduction to object oriented analysis and design using the Unified Process. Where necessary the UML is introduced, to support the Unified Process steps. - Good coverage of Design Patterns and how they integrate into Java development- Focuses on the real world use of UML and the Unified Process via a detailed case study that follows the whole design process through from the initial setting up, to implementation in Java and Agile Modeling- Features and Benefits - How to use the Unified Process in real world projects - Covers the Unified Process and UML in one book - A concise and accessible step-by-step guide to applying the Unified Process and UML in Java - Explains Design Patterns and discusses how Agile Modeling fits with the Unified Process John Hunt is Technical Director at JayDee Technology Ltd. He runs industrial courses, including server-side Java technologies. He also leads development projects for government and blue chip organizations using Java, J2EE, XML and C#. He is the author of nine other books on Java, XML and object orientation.

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Non-Fiction Computing & I.T.Computer Programming & Software Development Software Engineering Unified Modelling Language or UML Object-Oriented Programming or OOP Web Programming Programming & Scripting Languages Compilers & Interpreters

The Unified Process
Introduction	p. 3
Introduction	p. 3
Why UML and the Unified Process?	p. 5
Why This Book?	p. 6
Where to Get More Information	p. 6
Where to Go Online	p. 7
Object-Oriented Analysis and Design	p. 9
Introduction	p. 9
Object-Oriented Design Methods	p. 9
Object-Oriented Analysis	p. 10
Class Responsibility Collaborator (CRC)	p. 10
The Booch Method	p. 12
The Steps in the Booch Method	p. 12
Strengths and Weaknesses	p. 13
The Object Modeling Technique	p. 13
The Analysis Phase	p. 14
The Design Phase	p. 14
The Implementation Phase	p. 15
Strengths and Weaknesses	p. 15
The Objectory Method	p. 15
The Requirements Phase	p. 15
The Analysis Phase	p. 16
The Construction Phase	p. 16
Strengths and Weaknesses	p. 16
The Fusion Method	p. 16
The Unified Modeling Language	p. 17
Summary	p. 18
References	p. 18
An Introduction to the UML and the Unified Process	p. 21
Introduction	p. 21
Unified Modeling Language	p. 21
History of the UML	p. 22
Introduction to the UML	p. 24
Models and Diagrams	p. 25
Analysis of the UML	p. 26
The Unified Process	p. 26
Overview of the Unified Process	p. 27
Life Cycle Phases	p. 31
Phases, Iterations and Disciplines	p. 32
Disciplines and Activities	p. 35
Applying the Unified Process	p. 35
The Rational Unified Process	p. 36
Summary	p. 37
References	p. 37
Online References	p. 37
Software Architecture and Object-Oriented Design	p. 39
Software Architecture - the Very Idea	p. 39
Why Have an Architecture?	p. 39
Why We Need an Architecture	p. 41
Architecture Myths	p. 41
Architecture Defined	p. 44
Characteristics of a Good Architecture	p. 45
Layering the Architecture	p. 46
Use Cases and Architecture	p. 46
So What Is an Architecture?	p. 47
Software Patterns	p. 49
What Are Design Patterns?	p. 49
What They Are Not	p. 49
Architectural Patterns	p. 50
Constructing the Architecture	p. 50
Find Architecturally Significant Use Cases	p. 51
Architecturally Significant Use Cases	p. 51
Use Case Description	p. 51
Identify Key Classes	p. 51
Breaking the System into Subsystems	p. 52
Breaking the System into Subsystems	p. 53
Identifying Subsystems	p. 54
Assessing the Subsystems	p. 54
Identify Major System Interfaces	p. 55
Layering the Subsystems	p. 55
Identifying Concurrency and Active Classes	p. 55
Allocating Subsystems to Processors and Tasks	p. 57
Deployment Diagrams	p. 57
Managing Data Stores	p. 58
Handling Access to Global Resources	p. 59
Additional Architectural Concerns	p. 59
Choosing the Implementation of Control in Software	p. 59
Identify Generic Design Mechanisms	p. 60
Handling Boundary Conditions	p. 60
Setting Trade-offs Between Competing Resources	p. 60
Specifying Default Policies for the Object Design	p. 61
Plan Incremental Build of Software	p. 61
The Online ATM Architecture Design	p. 61
Identifying Architecturally Significant Use Cases	p. 62
Organizing the System into Subsystems	p. 62
Identify Key Classes	p. 62
Identifying Concurrency	p. 62
Allocating Subsystems to Processors	p. 62
Managing Data Stores	p. 62
Handling Access to Global Resources	p. 64
Choosing the Implementation of Control	p. 64
Boundary Conditions	p. 64
Default Policies for the Object Design	p. 64
Implement a Skeleton Architecture	p. 65
References	p. 65
Requirements Discipline: Use Case Analysis	p. 67
Introduction	p. 67
Requirements Discipline	p. 67
Use Case Analysis	p. 68
The Use Case Model	p. 68
Use Case Diagrams	p. 69
Actors	p. 70
Steps in Finding Actors	p. 72
Use Cases	p. 72
Identifying Use Cases	p. 74
Identifying Use Case Events	p. 75
Refining Use Case Models	p. 75
Additional Documents	p. 76
Interface Descriptions	p. 76
Online ATM Use Case Analysis	p. 76
Deposit Use Case	p. 78
Withdrawal Use Case	p. 78
Interface Descriptions	p. 78
Structuring the Use Case Model	p. 81
Are Use Case Diagrams Useful?	p. 82
Further Reading	p. 85
References	p. 85
The Analysis Discipline: Finding the Entities	p. 87
Introduction	p. 87
Analysis Discipline Activities	p. 89
The Analysis Model	p. 89
Why Have an Analysis Model?	p. 90
Analysis Model Classes	p. 90
Use Case Realizations	p. 92
Constructing the Analysis Model	p. 94
Generating Analysis Classes	p. 94
Representing Classes	p. 94
Representing Objects	p. 95
Generating Objects and Classes	p. 96
Identifying Classes for the Online ATM System	p. 98
Rationalizing Classes	p. 98
Generating Use Case Realizations	p. 100
Identifying Attributes	p. 100
Identifying Attributes of Objects	p. 101
Identifying Attributes in the Online ATM System	p. 102
Preparing a Data Dictionary	p. 103
The Online ATM Data Dictionary	p. 103
Identifying Associations	p. 103
Representing Associations	p. 103
Identifying Associations Between Objects	p. 104
Identifying Associations in the Online ATM System	p. 105
Identifying Inheritance	p. 106
Representing Inheritance	p. 106
Organizing and Simplifying Analysis Classes Using Inheritance	p. 108
Identifying Inheritance in the Online ATM System	p. 109
Grouping Analysis Classes into Packages	p. 109
Identifying Analysis Packages	p. 110
Representing Packages	p. 111
Analyzing Analysis Packages	p. 112
Iterating and Refining the Model	p. 112
Identify Common Special Requirements	p. 113
The Design Discipline: System and Class Design	p. 115
Introduction	p. 115
Design Discipline Activities	p. 115
Class Design Stage	p. 117
The Design Model	p. 117
Design Classes	p. 119
Design Class Notation	p. 119
Identifying and Refining Design Classes	p. 123
Identifying Classes	p. 123
Refining the Set of Classes	p. 124
Identifying Attributes for Design Classes	p. 125
Refining Attributes for Design Classes	p. 125
Representing Operations	p. 126
Describing Operations	p. 126
Identifying Operations	p. 127
Refining Operations	p. 129
Identifying Operations for the Online ATM System	p. 129
Operations Implied by Events	p. 129
Operations Implied by State Actions and Activities	p. 129
Application or Domain Operations	p. 129
Simplifying Operations	p. 130
The OBA Operations	p. 130
Analyzing Use Cases	p. 131
Generating Design Classes from Use Cases	p. 131
Design Use Case Realizations	p. 132
Identifying Dynamic Behaviour	p. 132
Design Collaboration Diagrams	p. 133
Sequence Diagrams	p. 135
Preparation of Sequence Diagrams	p. 135
Dealing with Complexity in Sequence Diagrams	p. 137
Generating a Sequence Diagram	p. 137
Sequence Diagrams for the Online Bank Account System	p. 138
Describing an Object's Behaviour	p. 139
Statechart Diagrams	p. 139
Start Points	p. 139
Events	p. 140
A Set of Transitions	p. 140
A Set of State Variables	p. 141
A Set of States	p. 141
A Set of Exit Points	p. 142
Building a Statechart Diagram	p. 142
Associations	p. 146
Representing Associations	p. 146
Identifying Associations	p. 148
Refining Associations	p. 149
Identifying Interfaces	p. 150
Identifying Inheritance	p. 151
Remaining Steps	p. 151
Optimizing the Design	p. 151
Testing Access Paths	p. 151
Implementing Control	p. 152
Adjusting Class Structure	p. 152
Designing Associations	p. 152
Object Representation	p. 152
Applying the Remaining Steps to OBA	p. 153
Optimizing the Design	p. 153
Implementing Control	p. 153
Adjusting the Class Structure	p. 153
Designing Associations	p. 153
Determining Object Representation	p. 153
Iterating and Refining the Model	p. 153
References	p. 154
Implementation Phase	p. 155
Introduction	p. 155
Implementation Discipline Artefacts	p. 155
Implementation Discipline Activities	p. 156
Implementing the Skeleton Architecture	p. 156
Define the Implementation Model	p. 157
Implement the System	p. 159
Refining the Implementation Model	p. 160
Integrate the Systems	p. 161
The Test Discipline: How It Relates to Use Cases	p. 163
Introduction	p. 163
The Purpose of the Discipline	p. 163
Aims of Discipline	p. 163
Test Discipline Activities	p. 164
Plan Tests	p. 164
Design Tests	p. 164
Implement Tests	p. 165
Perform Integration Tests	p. 165
Perform System Tests	p. 165
Evaluate Tests	p. 166
Summary	p. 166
Reference	p. 166
The Four Phases	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
The Unified Process Structure	p. 167
Relationship Between Phases and Iterations	p. 168
The Four Phases	p. 168
Effort Versus Phases	p. 171
Phases and Iterations	p. 172
Phases and Cycles	p. 173
The JDSync Case Study	p. 175
Introduction	p. 175
Problem Statement	p. 175
The Requirements Discipline: Use Case Analysis	p. 175
Actors in JDSync	p. 176
Use Cases	p. 177
The Use Case Diagram	p. 180
Example User Interfaces	p. 181
The Analysis Discipline	p. 181
Identifying the Analysis Classes	p. 182
Generating the Collaboration Diagrams	p. 184
The Design Discipline	p. 188
Initial Identification of Classes	p. 188
Sequence Diagrams	p. 190
Identifying Attributes	p. 196
Identifying Operations	p. 197
Describing the Overall Behaviour of an Object	p. 199
Identifying Associations and Inheritance	p. 200
Identifying Interfaces	p. 201
A Complete Design Model	p. 201
The Implementation Workflow	p. 201
Updating the Class Structure	p. 201
Summary	p. 206
Design Patterns
Software Patterns	p. 209
Introduction	p. 209
The Motivation Behind Patterns	p. 210
Documenting Patterns	p. 211
When to Use Patterns	p. 212
Strengths and Limitations of Design Patterns	p. 212
An Example Pattern: Mediator	p. 213
Summary	p. 218
Further Reading	p. 218
References	p. 218
Patterns Catalogs	p. 221
Introduction	p. 221
GoF Patterns	p. 221
Creational Patterns	p. 222
Factory Method	p. 222
Abstract Factory	p. 223
Builder	p. 223
Prototype	p. 223
Singleton	p. 223
Structural Patterns	p. 225
Adapter	p. 225
Bridge	p. 225
Composite	p. 226
Decorator	p. 226
Façade	p. 226
Flyweight	p. 227
Proxy	p. 228
Behavioural Patterns	p. 228
Chain of Responsibility	p. 228
Command	p. 229
Interpreter	p. 229
Iterator	p. 229
Mediator	p. 229
Memento	p. 231
Observer	p. 231
State	p. 231
Strategy	p. 231
Template Method	p. 232
Visitor	p. 232
Summary	p. 232
References	p. 233
Applying the Model-View-Controller Pattern	p. 235
Introduction	p. 235
What Is the Model-View-Controller Architecture?	p. 235
What Java Facilities Support the MVC	p. 236
The Delegation Event Model	p. 237
The MVC in Java	p. 238
A Simple Calculator Application	p. 240
Swing Component Event Handling	p. 242
Frames, Panels and Layout Managers	p. 243
The Application Code	p. 243
Discussion	p. 243
References	p. 244
Listings	p. 244
The Hierarchical MVC	p. 253
Introduction	p. 253
Why Isn't This Enough?	p. 253
Theh-MVC	p. 254
The h-MVC Details	p. 254
Layered Application	p. 254
Initialization	p. 257
Hierarchical Behaviour	p. 259
The Advantages of the h-MVC	p. 260
The Disadvantages of the h-MVC	p. 260
Summary	p. 261
The Visitor Framework	p. 263
Background	p. 263
The Visitor Pattern	p. 264
The Visitor Framework	p. 266
Using the Visitor Framework	p. 266
A Simple Application	p. 269
Summary	p. 271
References	p. 271
Listings	p. 272
The EventManager	p. 281
Introduction	p. 281
The Use of Patterns	p. 281
The Mediator Pattern	p. 283
The Singleton Pattern	p. 283
The Design of the EventManager	p. 283
The EventManager	p. 284
The ManagedEvent Class	p. 285
The EventManagerListener Interface	p. 285
Using the EventManager	p. 286
The EventManager in a Graphical Client	p. 286
Reference	p. 286
Listings	p. 286
J2EE Patterns	p. 293
Introduction	p. 293
What Are J2EE Design Patterns?	p. 293
A Catalog of J2EE Patterns	p. 294
The FrontController Pattern	p. 295
Context	p. 295
Problem	p. 295
Forces	p. 295
Solution	p. 296
Strategies	p. 297
Consequences	p. 297
Related Patterns	p. 297
The Request-Event-Dispatcher Pattern	p. 298
Context	p. 298
Problem	p. 298
Forces	p. 298
Solution	p. 298
Strategies	p. 300
Consequences	p. 302
Related Patterns	p. 302
J2EE-based Model-View-Controller	p. 303
Context	p. 303
Problem	p. 303
Forces	p. 303
Solution	p. 303
Strategies	p. 305
Consequences	p. 306
Related Patterns	p. 306
Summary	p. 307
Further Reading	p. 307
References	p. 307
The Fault Tracker J2EE Case Study	p. 309
Introduction	p. 309
The Fault Tracker Application	p. 309
Requests for Change	p. 310
Problem Reporting	p. 311
Using the Fault Tracker	p. 313
The Design of the Fault Tracker	p. 317
What Is the Architecture?	p. 317
Summary and Conclusions	p. 324
The Unified Process in the Real World
Are UML Designs Language-Independent?	p. 329
Introduction	p. 329
OOD Is Language-Independent - Right?	p. 329
Making UML Work for You	p. 330
Questions to Consider	p. 331
The Java Platform	p. 331
Classes in the UML	p. 332
Fields in the UML	p. 332
Operations in the UML	p. 333
Constructors	p. 333
Packages in the UML	p. 334
UML Interfaces	p. 336
Templates	p. 336
Associations	p. 337
Multiplicity in the UML	p. 339
Aggregation and Composition	p. 339
Singleton Objects	p. 340
Synchronous and Asynchronous Messages	p. 340
From Code to the UML	p. 341
Conclusions	p. 342
Customizing the Unified Process for Short Time-Scale Projects	p. 343
Introduction	p. 343
Particular Problems of Small Projects	p. 344
The Unified Process as a Framework	p. 345
Experience of Application Domain	p. 346
Experience with Technology	p. 346
Understanding of Requirements	p. 347
The Size of the Task	p. 348
The Nature of the Task	p. 348
Time/Budget/Resources	p. 349
Management Support/Buy-in	p. 350
Adapting the Unified Process for a Small Project	p. 351
A Typical Short-Term Project	p. 351
Short Time-Scale Project Approach	p. 351
The Modified Unified Process	p. 352
Summary	p. 354
Reference	p. 354
Augmenting the Unified Process with Additional Techniques	p. 355
Introduction	p. 355
The Unified Process as a Framework	p. 355
Class Identification	p. 357
CRC: Class-Responsibility-Collaboration	p. 358
What Is CRC?	p. 359
The Basic Idea	p. 359
Identifying Classes	p. 360
Identifying Responsibilities	p. 360
Determining Collaborations	p. 360
Summary	p. 361
References	p. 361
Inheritance Considered Harmful!	p. 363
Introduction	p. 363
Inheritance	p. 364
What Is Inheritance?	p. 364
Aims and Benefits of Inheritance	p. 365
The Role of Inheritance	p. 366
Drawbacks of Inheritance	p. 366
Reduces Comprehensibility of Code	p. 366
Makes Maintenance Harder	p. 369
Makes Further Development Harder	p. 369
Reduces Reliability of Code	p. 371
May Reduce Reuse	p. 372
The Semantically Fragile Base Class Problem	p. 372
Access Modifier Effects on Reuse	p. 372
Balancing Inheritance and Reuse	p. 374
Categories of Extension	p. 374
Implications for Inheritance	p. 375
Compositional Reuse	p. 376
Strengths of Compositional Reuse	p. 376
Weaknesses of Compositional Reuse	p. 377
Promoting Reuse in Object-Oriented Systems	p. 377
Tool Support	p. 379
Conclusions	p. 380
References	p. 380
Incremental Software	p. 383
The Incremental Software Development Process	p. 383
Incremental Software Development	p. 384
Iterative Versus Waterfall	p. 384
A Spiral Development Process	p. 384
Architecture-Centric	p. 385
Getting Control	p. 386
Feature-Centric Development	p. 386
Timeboxing Iterations	p. 387
Being Adaptive but Managed	p. 387
Planning an Iterative Project	p. 388
Planning an Iteration	p. 388
Architecture-Centric	p. 390
Why Have an Architecture?	p. 390
Plan Incremental Building of Software	p. 391
Performance Measurements and Reporting	p. 392
Weekly Progress Meetings	p. 392
Monthly Meetings	p. 392
Progress Reporting	p. 393
Process for Managing Change	p. 393
Sample Timesheets	p. 394
References	p. 394
Agile Modeling	p. 395
Introduction	p. 395
Modelling Misconceptions	p. 396
The Manifesto for Agile Modeling	p. 399
Agile Modeling	p. 401
Agile Modeling and the Unified Process	p. 406
Agile Modelling and Documentation	p. 408
Tool Misconceptions	p. 409
Summary	p. 410
References	p. 410
Online References	p. 410
Appendix A UML Notation	p. 411
Index	p. 419
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Guide to the Unified Process featuring UML, Java and Design Patterns

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Hardcover

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