
Groundwater in Geologic Processes
By:Â Steven E. Ingebritsen, Ward E. Sanford, Christopher E. Neuzil
Paperback | 4 May 2006 | Edition Number 2
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564 Pages
Revised
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| Preface | p. xiii |
| Acknowledgements | p. xviii |
| List of symbols | p. xx |
| Groundwater flow | p. 1 |
| Darcy's law | p. 2 |
| The limits of Darcy's law | p. 4 |
| Driving forces for groundwater flow | p. 6 |
| Crustal permeability | p. 10 |
| Permeability versus porosity | p. 10 |
| Heterogeneity and anisotropy | p. 12 |
| Scale dependence | p. 15 |
| Depth dependence | p. 18 |
| Time dependence | p. 21 |
| Some limiting values | p. 22 |
| Conceptualizing groundwater systems | p. 24 |
| The continuum approach | p. 26 |
| The groundwater flow equation | p. 28 |
| Conservation of mass | p. 28 |
| The storage term | p. 31 |
| Various forms of the groundwater flow equation | p. 33 |
| Problems | p. 36 |
| Hydromechanical coupling | p. 38 |
| Hydromechanical equations | p. 39 |
| Elastic strain | p. 43 |
| Effective stress | p. 45 |
| Constitutive law for poroelasticity | p. 50 |
| Force equilibrium and the equations of poroelastic deformation | p. 52 |
| The groundwater flow equation for poroelastic media | p. 56 |
| Coupling flow and deformation in poroelastic media | p. 61 |
| Inelastic deformation and finite strain | p. 66 |
| Deformation in geologic processes | p. 67 |
| Additional complexities of geologic deformation | p. 75 |
| Uncertainty in hydromechanical descriptions | p. 76 |
| Uncertain constitutive laws for deformation | p. 76 |
| Uncertain boundary and initial conditions | p. 79 |
| Pragmatism in analysis: useful simplifications | p. 80 |
| Purely vertical strain | p. 80 |
| Numerical tricks and extensions of poroelasticity | p. 83 |
| Porosity and stress gradients as indicators of long-term strain | p. 84 |
| Understanding hydromechanical phenomena | p. 86 |
| Problems | p. 87 |
| Solute transport | p. 89 |
| Governing equations | p. 89 |
| Molecular diffusion | p. 90 |
| Advection | p. 92 |
| Mechanical dispersion | p. 93 |
| Mass-balance equation | p. 96 |
| Chemical reactions | p. 97 |
| Initial and boundary conditions | p. 99 |
| Numerical solution techniques | p. 101 |
| Density-driven flow | p. 104 |
| Multicomponent diffusion | p. 105 |
| Multicomponent reactive transport | p. 108 |
| Rate-based reactions | p. 111 |
| Surface reactions | p. 113 |
| Homogeneous reactions | p. 114 |
| Heterogeneous reactions | p. 116 |
| Solution algorithms | p. 117 |
| Ultrafiltration | p. 119 |
| The role of microbes | p. 120 |
| Problems | p. 122 |
| Heat transport | p. 124 |
| Governing equations | p. 124 |
| Pressure and enthalpy as dependent variables | p. 125 |
| Statements of mass and energy conservation | p. 129 |
| A form of Darcy's law for two-phase flow of compressible fluids | p. 131 |
| Conductive heat flux | p. 133 |
| One-dimensional forms of the governing equations | p. 134 |
| Extending the governing equations to three dimensions | p. 135 |
| Assumptions | p. 136 |
| Fluid properties | p. 138 |
| Numerical solution | p. 139 |
| Initial and boundary conditions | p. 139 |
| Temperature-based formulations | p. 141 |
| One-dimensional groundwater flow | p. 143 |
| Steady vertical flow | p. 143 |
| Flow in a confined aquifer or fault zone | p. 146 |
| Dimensionless numbers | p. 148 |
| Nusselt number | p. 148 |
| Peclet number | p. 149 |
| Rayleigh number | p. 150 |
| Buoyancy-driven flow | p. 151 |
| Heat pipes | p. 152 |
| Conversion of gravitational potential energy to heat | p. 153 |
| Problems | p. 155 |
| Regional-scale flow and transport | p. 157 |
| Regional groundwater flow | p. 158 |
| Anomalous fluid pressures | p. 159 |
| Geologic forcing | p. 161 |
| Elevated fluid pressures | p. 163 |
| Hydraulic fracturing | p. 164 |
| The Gulf Coast | p. 165 |
| Regional-scale solute transport | p. 168 |
| Groundwater age | p. 168 |
| Large-scale dispersion | p. 172 |
| Evolution of regional groundwater chemistry | p. 174 |
| Regional-scale heat transfer | p. 177 |
| The conductive regime in sedimentary basins | p. 177 |
| Thermal effects of groundwater flow in sedimentary basins | p. 179 |
| Some case studies of sedimentary basins | p. 181 |
| An example from volcanic terrane | p. 184 |
| The stress - heat flow paradox of the San Andreas fault | p. 187 |
| Problems | p. 191 |
| Ore deposits | p. 193 |
| Mississippi Valley type deposits | p. 194 |
| Evidence for regional-scale brine migration | p. 195 |
| The role of brines | p. 197 |
| Controls on ore deposition | p. 198 |
| Driving forces for fluid flow | p. 199 |
| Unresolved issues with United States MVTs | p. 202 |
| The Irish "MVTs" | p. 203 |
| Other stratiform base-metal deposits | p. 205 |
| Sediment-hosted uranium | p. 207 |
| Redox control of uranium solubility | p. 207 |
| Tabular uranium deposits | p. 208 |
| Unconformity-type uranium deposits | p. 208 |
| Mineralization through in situ diagenesis | p. 213 |
| Supergene enrichment of porphyry copper | p. 213 |
| Colombian emeralds | p. 216 |
| Problems | p. 218 |
| Hydrocarbons | p. 220 |
| Thermal maturation | p. 221 |
| The oil window | p. 221 |
| Groundwater flow and the thermal regime | p. 222 |
| Migration | p. 226 |
| Capillary effects | p. 226 |
| Primary migration | p. 227 |
| Secondary migration | p. 228 |
| Entrapment | p. 230 |
| Governing equations for immiscible multiphase flow | p. 234 |
| Case studies | p. 235 |
| The Uinta basin | p. 236 |
| The Los Angeles basin | p. 239 |
| Pressure regimes in hydrocarbon basins | p. 241 |
| Hydrocarbon resources | p. 245 |
| Problems | p. 246 |
| Geothermal processes | p. 247 |
| Crustal heat flow | p. 247 |
| Measurement | p. 248 |
| Lateral and vertical variations | p. 250 |
| Perturbations due to groundwater flow | p. 252 |
| Magmatic-hydrothermal systems | p. 253 |
| Magmatic heat sources | p. 254 |
| Heat transfer from magma to groundwater | p. 256 |
| Fluid circulation near magma bodies | p. 257 |
| Permeabilities in near-magma environments | p. 260 |
| Magnitude and time-variation of hydrothermal discharge | p. 262 |
| Fluid flow and heat transport near the critical point | p. 267 |
| One-dimensional pressure-enthalpy paths | p. 268 |
| Two-dimensional convection | p. 270 |
| Multiphase processes | p. 271 |
| Phase separation | p. 272 |
| Vapor-dominated zones | p. 273 |
| Pressure transmission | p. 276 |
| Boiling point - depth curves | p. 277 |
| Hot springs | p. 279 |
| Geysers | p. 281 |
| Geothermal resources | p. 284 |
| Hydrothermal ore deposits | p. 285 |
| Problems | p. 287 |
| Earthquakes | p. 289 |
| Effective stress | p. 290 |
| Coulomb's law of failure | p. 292 |
| Induced seismicity | p. 295 |
| The Rocky Mountain arsenal | p. 296 |
| Rangely, Colorado | p. 298 |
| The Lacq gas field | p. 300 |
| Fluid pressures and tectonism | p. 300 |
| Hubbert and Rubey | p. 302 |
| Irwin and Barnes model for the San Andreas | p. 304 |
| Byerlee and Rice models for the San Andreas | p. 306 |
| Earthquake swarms driven by deep, natural fluid sources | p. 309 |
| Seismicity modulated by shallow hydrology | p. 311 |
| Earthquake-induced hydrologic phenomena | p. 312 |
| Well behavior | p. 313 |
| Geysering | p. 316 |
| Streamflow changes | p. 318 |
| Stress, earthquakes, and crustal permeability | p. 322 |
| Problems | p. 324 |
| Evaporites | p. 325 |
| Evaporite formation | p. 325 |
| The marine evaporite problem | p. 326 |
| Groundwater inflow | p. 328 |
| CaCl[subscript 2] brines | p. 330 |
| Magnesium depletion | p. 332 |
| Continental evaporites | p. 333 |
| Sabkhas | p. 334 |
| Groundwater outflow | p. 336 |
| Evaporite burial and dissolution | p. 340 |
| Diapiric rise of evaporites | p. 342 |
| Variable-density convection | p. 343 |
| Caprock formation | p. 346 |
| Problems | p. 349 |
| Compaction and diagenesis | p. 352 |
| Compaction | p. 353 |
| Vertical loading and elevated fluid pressures | p. 357 |
| Delayed compaction | p. 360 |
| Erosional unloading | p. 364 |
| Tectonic compression | p. 365 |
| Variations in fluid pressure | p. 368 |
| Diagenesis | p. 371 |
| Reaction-flow coupling | p. 371 |
| Diagenesis of siliciclastic sequences | p. 373 |
| Mechanochemical processes | p. 378 |
| Mineral banding | p. 381 |
| Problems | p. 383 |
| Metamorphism | p. 385 |
| The role of fluids in metamorphism | p. 386 |
| Evidence for voluminous fluid fluxes | p. 386 |
| Sources of fluid | p. 387 |
| Fluid dynamics | p. 390 |
| Crustal-scale permeability estimates | p. 392 |
| Constraints from first-order calculations | p. 393 |
| A permeability-depth curve based on metamorphic data | p. 394 |
| Implications for the brittle-ductile transition | p. 398 |
| Implications for fault behavior | p. 399 |
| Heat and solute transport during metamorphism | p. 401 |
| A model of crustal-scale hydrology | p. 403 |
| Metamorphic environments | p. 404 |
| Contact metamorphism | p. 405 |
| Regional-contact metamorphism (magmatic arcs) | p. 407 |
| Regional metamorphism (continent-continent collision) | p. 409 |
| High-pressure metamorphic belts (subduction zones) | p. 409 |
| Problems | p. 410 |
| Subsea hydrogeology | p. 412 |
| Subsea versus subaerial hydrogeology | p. 413 |
| Subsea permeability structure | p. 415 |
| Density-driven subsea flow | p. 418 |
| Hydrothermal circulation near the mid-ocean ridge | p. 420 |
| Importance to the Earth's thermal budget | p. 423 |
| Influence on ocean chemistry | p. 424 |
| Properties of H[subscript 2]O-NaCl fluids | p. 425 |
| Quantitative description of MOR systems | p. 428 |
| Off-axis circulation and the role of seamounts | p. 431 |
| Gas hydrates | p. 432 |
| Accretionary prisms and subduction zones | p. 434 |
| Nearshore hydrogeology | p. 440 |
| Dolomitization of carbonate platforms | p. 441 |
| Mixing-zone dissolution in carbonate platforms | p. 445 |
| Offshore groundwater flow and heat transport | p. 449 |
| Subduction, metamorphism, and the world ocean | p. 451 |
| Problems | p. 454 |
| References | p. 456 |
| Index | p. 527 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780521603218
ISBN-10: 0521603218
Published: 4th May 2006
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number of Pages: 564
Audience: College, Tertiary and University
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Country of Publication: GB
Edition Number: 2
Edition Type: Revised
Dimensions (cm): 24.41 x 16.99 x 2.9
Weight (kg): 0.91
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