Preface xix
1 Green Hydrogen: Fundamentals, Properties, Classifications, Advantages and Challenges 1
Gaydaa AlZohbi
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Physical and Chemical Properties 4
1.3 Technologies Used to Generate Green Hydrogen 7
1.4 Advantages of Green Hydrogen 17
1.5 Challenges of Green Hydrogen 17
1.6 Conclusion 20
References 21
2 Fundamentals of Green Energy and the Significance of Green Hydrogen 23
Oumayma Benslimane, Loubna Bouhachlaf, Najoua Labjar, Hamid Nasrellah and Souad El Hajjaji
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 Types of Green Energy Sources 25
2.3 The Role of Green Energy in Mitigating Climate Change 28
2.4 Green Energy and Green Hydrogen 28
2.5 Green Hydrogen as a Sustainable Energy 29
2.6 Technological and Economic Challenges in Green Energy 31
2.7 Policy and Regulatory Challenges in Green Energy 32
2.8 Technological and Economic Challenges in Green Hydrogen 33
2.9 Conclusion 34
References 34
3 Green Hydrogen and Green Energy Fundamentals and Relative Description 39
Samghouli Nora, Labjar Najoua, Dalimi Mohamed and El Hajjaji Souad
3.1 Introduction 40
3.2 Hydrogen Production 43
3.3 Green Energy Fundamentals 49
3.4 Integration of Green Hydrogen in the Energy Ecosystem 55
3.5 Assessment of the Environment and Economy 58
3.6 Conclusion 59
References 60
4 Green Hydrogen Production: Relative Challenges and Opportunities of Different Method 73
Loubna Bouhachlaf, Oumayma Benslimane, Nora Samghouli, Najoua Labjar and Souad El Hajjaji
4.1 Introduction 74
4.2 Fundamentals of Green Hydrogen Production 74
4.3 Technological Advancements in Green Hydrogen Production 76
4.4 Economic and Policy Considerations 80
4.5 Economic and Environmental Benefits of Green Hydrogen 81
4.6 Challenges in Green Hydrogen Production 82
4.7 Policy and Regulatory Frameworks 85
4.8 Case Studies of Successful Green Hydrogen Projects 85
4.9 Prospects and Market Trends 86
4.10 Conclusion 87
References 88
5 Social and Environmental Challenges of Green Hydrogen 93
Sidra Khan Orakzai, Taj Muhammad and Muhammad Yaseen
5.1 Introduction 94
5.2 Literature Survey 103
5.3 Eco-Friendly Techniques for Producing Hydrogen 104
5.4 Challenges 118
5.5 Conclusions and Future Recommendations 134
References 134
6 Industrial Scale Challenges of Production and Consumption of Green Hydrogen 141
Samghouli Nora, Bensemlali Meryem, Nasrellah Hamid, Labjar Najoua and El Hajjaji Souad
6.1 Introduction 142
6.2 Social Challenges 144
6.3 Environmental Challenges 147
6.4 Policy and Regulatory Challenges 151
6.5 Social and Environmental Benefits 153
6.6 Conclusion 155
References 156
7 Seawater as an Alternative Source for Hydrogen Production 169
Abdelmalek Dahchour, Zineb Hammi, Yousra El Hamdouni, Najoua Labjar, Mohamed Dalimi and Souad El Hajjaji
7.1 Introduction 170
7.2 Production of Hydrogen from Freshwater 171
7.3 Hydrogen Production and Water Scarcity 174
7.4 Hydrogen from Seawater 174
7.5 Electrocatalysts for OER 176
7.6 Electrocatalysts for HER 178
7.7 Conclusion 181
References 182
8 Green Hydrogen Investments and Financing: Public and Government Investments 189
Zineb Hammi, Youssra El Hamdouni, Najoua Labjar, Houda Labjar, Hamid Nasrellah, Ayoub Cherrat, El Mostapha Lotfi and Souad El Hajjaji
8.1 Introduction 190
8.2 Financing Sources for Green Hydrogen Projects 191
8.3 Analysis of Factors Driving Investor Attraction to Green Hydrogen 193
8.4 Current State of Investment in Green Hydrogen 195
8.5 Opportunities and Challenges in Financing Green Hydrogen 206
8.6 Conclusion and Perspectives 208
References 208
9 Future of Green Hydrogen: Opportunities and Challenges 215
Zineb Hammi, Youssra El Hamdouni, Najoua Labjar, Halima Mortadi, Houda Labjar, Bensemlali Meryem, El Mostapha Lotfi and Souad El Hajjaji
9.1 Introduction 216
9.2 Green Hydrogen 217
9.3 Opportunities and Challenges for the Future of Green Hydrogen 219
9.4 Conclusion and Perspectives 230
References 231
10 Green Hydrogen Production at Industrial Scale: Future Challenges and Opportunities 247
Omar Dagdag, Rajesh Haldhar, Abhinay Thakur, Walid Daoudi, Avni Berisha, Elyor Berdimurodov and Hansang Kim
10.1 Introduction 248
10.2 Opportunities and Challenges of Green Hydrogen 250
10.3 Conclusion 259
References 260
11 Significant Projects in Production, Storage and Applications of Green Hydrogen Around the World 265
M. EL Hayany, H. EL Garni, Z. Miftah, S. Oubad, W. Makboul, A. Razouk, M. Abdellaoui, S. EL Hajjaji and O. Mounkachi
11.1 Introduction to Green Hydrogen Projects 266
11.2 Green Hydrogen Production Projects Around the World 267
11.3 Global Projects for Storing Green Hydrogen 274
11.4 Applications of Green Hydrogen in Various Sectors 285
11.5 Conclusion 291
Acknowledgments 291
References 291
12 Scenarios of Green Hydrogen of the World 299
Wizra Khan, Ata Ur Rahman and Muhammad Yaseen
12.1 Introduction 300
12.2 Literature Review 306
12.3 Method of Producing Hydrogen 307
12.4 Comparison of Conventional Hydrogen Fabrication vs Green Hydrogen Fabrication 319
12.5 Global Initiatives and Policies 321
12.6 Applications 326
12.7 Conclusions 328
12.8 Future Outlook 329
References 330
13 Global Journey of Green Hydrogen: Opportunities and Challenges 337
Maria Benbouzid, Loubna Bouhachlaf, Najoua Labjar, Mohamed Dalimi and Souad El Hajjaji
13.1 Introduction 338
13.2 Production Process of Green Hydrogen 340
13.3 Current State of Green Hydrogen Worldwide 342
13.4 Green Hydrogen Scenarios All Over the World 350
13.5 Green Hydrogen Production Scenarios and Cost Projections 357
13.6 Policy Scenarios for Green Hydrogen 364
13.7 Conclusion 367
References 368
14 A Critical Review and Perspective of Challenges of Green Hydrogen 373
M. Hajji, M. Abdellaoui, S. EL Hajjaji and O. Mounkachi
14.1 Introduction to Green Hydrogen Challenges 374
14.2 Technological Challenges 375
14.3 Economic and Financial Challenges 380
14.4 Environmental and Social Challenges 384
14.5 Regulatory and Policy Challenges 388
14.6 Social and Cultural Acceptance 393
14.7 Conclusion 394
References 394
15 Green Hydrogen for Power and Heat Generation Applications 401
Khasan Berdimuradov, Murodali Mamanazarov, Omar Dagdag, Mohamed Rbaa and Elyor Berdimurodov
15.1 Introduction 402
15.2 Power Generation Applications 403
15.3 Heat Generation Applications 410
15.4 Future Perspectives and Research Directions 417
15.5 Conclusion 418
References 419
16 Green Hydrogen for Passenger/Goods Transport Applications 423
Akbarali Rasulov, Husan Yaxshinorov, Javokhir Abdisattorov, Elyor Berdimurodov, Omar Dagdag, Mohamed Rbaa, Murodali Mamanazarov and Khasan Berdimuradov
16.1 Introduction 424
16.2 Green Hydrogen in Passenger Transport 426
16.3 Green Hydrogen in Goods Transport 433
16.4 Future Prospects 437
16.5 Conclusion 438
References 438
17 Green Hydrogen as a Pillar of Energy Transition and Transport Innovation 443
Siddhi Jaiswal
17.1 Introduction 443
17.2 Advantages of Green Hydrogen for Transport 445
17.3 Applications in Passenger Transport 447
17.4 Applications in Goods Transport 448
17.5 Economic Advantages 449
17.6 Future Prospects and Challenges 451
17.7 Conclusion 453
References 454
18 Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) Powered by Hydrogen Challenges and Constraints 457
Pratik M. Pataniya and C.K. Sumesh
18.1 Introduction 458
18.2 Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier and Fuel 460
18.3 Adoption of Hydrogen-Powered Vehicles 461
18.4 Working of Fuel Cell Vehicles Using Hydrogen 463
18.5 Technological Advancements 465
18.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 469
References 469
19 Green Hydrogen for Water Desalination 479
Rabia Zafar, Azeem Intisar, Muhammad Saeed, Tajamal Hussain and Muhammad Amin Abid
19.1 Introduction 480
19.2 Water Desalination Techniques 483
19.3 Green Hydrogen Production Technologies 486
19.4 Current Challenges and Future Prospective 497
19.5 Conclusion 500
References 501
20 Green Hydrogen Policies and Regulations 511
Loubna Bouhachlaf, Maria Benbouzid, Najoua Labjar and Souad El Hajjaji
20.1 Introduction 512
20.2 Key Regions Leading Green Hydrogen Production Around the World 515
20.3 Global Green Hydrogen Policies and Initiatives 531
20.4 Leading Green Hydrogen Regulations 533
20.5 Conclusion 537
References 538
Index 545
