| Preface | p. xi |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The basic principles | p. 6 |
| Pores and fractures | p. 6 |
| Geometrical characteristics | p. 8 |
| Porosity | p. 8 |
| Double porosity in a fracture-matrix medium | p. 11 |
| The transport velocity and mass conservation | p. 12 |
| Mass Conservation | p. 13 |
| The incompressibility condition | p. 14 |
| The stream function | p. 16 |
| Darcy's law | p. 18 |
| Hydrostatics | p. 18 |
| Interstitial flow through a uniform matrix | p. 19 |
| Permeability | p. 21 |
| Reduced pressure and buoyancy | p. 23 |
| Boundary conditions | p. 24 |
| Mechanical energy balances | p. 27 |
| Flow tubes and flow resistance | p. 27 |
| Energy balances | p. 29 |
| Two theorems | p. 31 |
| The uniqueness theorem | p. 31 |
| The minimum dissipation theorem | p. 32 |
| The thermal energy balance | p. 33 |
| Dissolved species balance | p. 35 |
| Rate-limiting steps and the solute source term | p. 37 |
| First-order reactions | p. 40 |
| Equations of state | p. 41 |
| Dispersion | p. 43 |
| Kinematics of dispersion | p. 44 |
| Dispersion in a steady plume | p. 48 |
| Patterns of flow | p. 51 |
| Flow in uniform permeable media | p. 51 |
| Flow constraints | p. 52 |
| Laplace's equation | p. 56 |
| Some local flow patterns | p. 59 |
| Two-dimensional surface aquifers | p. 61 |
| Three-dimensional surface aquifer flow | p. 63 |
| How do surface aquifers work? | p. 63 |
| Regional scale aquifer flow | p. 67 |
| An example: the aquifer in Kent County, Maryland | p. 70 |
| Scales of water table elevation; relaxation, emergence and recharge times | p. 73 |
| Groundwater age distribution in an aquifer | p. 77 |
| Dispersion and transport of marked fluid | p. 78 |
| Measurements of permeability variations in sandy aquifers | p. 78 |
| Measured dispersion of injected tracers over sub-kilometer scales | p. 83 |
| Flow through a spatially random permeability field | p. 85 |
| Layered media | p. 93 |
| Anisotropy produced by fine-scale layering | p. 93 |
| Flow across layering with scattered fracture bands or gaps | p. 96 |
| Confining layers in a surface aquifer | p. 100 |
| Mixing in more permeable lenses | p. 105 |
| Fracture-matrix or "crack and block" media | p. 106 |
| Reservoirs and conduits | p. 109 |
| Transport of passive solute in co-existing fracture and matrix block flows | p. 111 |
| A passive contaminant front in a fracture-matrix aquifer | p. 113 |
| Distributed solute entering across the water table | p. 116 |
| Flow transients | p. 118 |
| Diffusion of pressure | p. 118 |
| Pressure diffusion and de-gassing following seismic release | p. 120 |
| Diffusion of pressure in a fracture-matrix medium | p. 121 |
| Flows with buoyancy variations | p. 125 |
| The occurrence of thermally driven flows | p. 125 |
| Buoyancy and the rotation vector | p. 127 |
| General properties of buoyancy-driven flows | p. 130 |
| Heat advection versus matrix diffusion: the Peclet number | p. 131 |
| Thermally driven flows: the Rayleigh number | p. 133 |
| Steady low Rayleigh number circulations | p. 135 |
| Slope convection with large aspect ratio l/h | p. 135 |
| Circulation in isolated, sloping permeable strata | p. 137 |
| Compact layered platforms and reefs at low Rayleigh numbers | p. 140 |
| Two-dimensional reefs or banks | p. 143 |
| Intermediate and high Rayleigh number plumes | p. 146 |
| Two-dimensional numerical solutions | p. 146 |
| How do these flows work? | p. 153 |
| Scaling analysis for two-dimensional flows | p. 155 |
| Circular platforms | p. 158 |
| Similarity solutions-two-dimensional plumes | p. 159 |
| The axi-symmetrical plume in a semi-infinite region | p. 162 |
| Salinity-driven flows | p. 164 |
| Freshwater lenses | p. 165 |
| Gravity currents in porous media | p. 168 |
| Thermal instabilities | p. 170 |
| Rayleigh-Darcy instability | p. 171 |
| A physical discussion | p. 176 |
| Related configurations | p. 178 |
| Thermo-haline circulations | p. 180 |
| Temperature destabilizing, salinity stabilizing | p. 183 |
| Both temperature and salinity stabilizing | p. 185 |
| Both temperature and salinity destabilizing | p. 185 |
| Temperature stabilizing, salinity destabilizing | p. 185 |
| Brine invasion beneath hypersaline lagoons | p. 187 |
| Instability of fronts | p. 189 |
| Patterns of reaction with flow | p. 194 |
| Simple reaction types | p. 194 |
| Dissolution | p. 195 |
| Combination | p. 197 |
| Replacement | p. 199 |
| An outline of flow-controlled reaction scenarious | p. 202 |
| The equilibration or reaction length | p. 203 |
| The reaction front scenario | p. 204 |
| The gradient reaction scenario | p. 206 |
| Mixing zones | p. 208 |
| Leaching or deposition of a mineral constituent | p. 208 |
| Dissolution in a uniform flow | p. 208 |
| Leaching in aquifer flow with infiltration across the water table | p. 211 |
| Dissolution in a fracture-matrix medium | p. 215 |
| The depletion time | p. 217 |
| The isothermal reaction front scenario | p. 218 |
| The front propagation speed and the fluid-rock ratio | p. 219 |
| Profiles in the reaction front | p. 223 |
| Reaction fronts in fracture-matrix media | p. 225 |
| Sorbing contaminant plumes | p. 228 |
| The gradient reaction scenario | p. 235 |
| Dissolution and deposition rates in gradient reactions | p. 239 |
| The rock alteration index | p. 242 |
| Enhancement and destruction of porosity | p. 243 |
| The mixing zone scenario | p. 247 |
| Isotherm-following reactions | p. 249 |
| The reaction zone | p. 251 |
| Dehydration | p. 253 |
| Paleo-convection and dolomite formation in the Latemar Massif | p. 255 |
| Distributions of mineral alteration in Mississippi Valley-type deposits | p. 260 |
| Extensions and examples | p. 264 |
| Extensions | p. 264 |
| Examples | p. 265 |
| Coastal salt wedges | p. 265 |
| Permeability variations and the rotation vector | p. 265 |
| Confined aquifers | p. 266 |
| An unconfined or surface aquifer with a locally fractured confining layer | p. 267 |
| The Hole-Shaw cell | p. 267 |
| Bibliography | p. 269 |
| Index | p. 279 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
