From Material to Deity

Published in association with the Japanese Association for South Asian Studies (Japanese Studies on South Asia No. 4). Consecration ceremony of an image of a god, known as pratistha in Sanskrit, is one of the most important rituals in Hinduism. Only through the performance of this ceremony the nature of an image changes from material to a deity. Pratistha ceremony was simple in origin but developed into a very complex system in course of time. It contains a number of elements which are common in other Hindu rituals and are even mentioned in Buddhist Tantric texts. In the Vedic texts there are no descriptions of pratistha. It was fully described in many texts, both Tantric and non-Tantric, for the first time in post-Vedic period. This ceremony is therefore a post-Vedic creation, but it also contains many Vedic ritual elements which underwent more or less great changes. An intensive study of the installation ceremony of an image of a god enables one to clarify the formation and development of post-Vedic rituals both in Tantric and non-Tantric schools, on the one hand, and to make a perceptive analysis of the ritual elements of post-Vedic rituals on the other. This collection of essays by Japanese scholars deals with the subject through a study of Vedic and pot-Vedic texts and is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of post-Vedic rituals of India by focusing on the pratistha ritual.