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Philosophers typically see the issue of free will and determinism in terms of a debate between two standard positions. Incompatibilism holds that freedom and responsibility require causal and metaphysical independence from the impersonal forces of nature. According to compatibilism, people are free and responsible as long as their actions are governed by their desires. In Freedom Within Reason, Susan Wolf charts a path between these traditional positions: We are not free and responsible, she argues, for actions that are governed by desires that we cannot help having. But the wish to form our own desires from nothing is both futile and arbitrary. Some of the forces beyond our control are friends to freedom rather than enemies of it: they endow us with faculties of reason, perception, and imagination, and provide us with the data by which we come to see and appreciate the world for what it is. The independence we want, Wolf argues, is not independence from the world, but
independence from forces that prevent or preclude us from choosing how to live in light of a sufficient appreciation of the world. The freedom we want is a freedom within reason and the world.
independence from forces that prevent or preclude us from choosing how to live in light of a sufficient appreciation of the world. The freedom we want is a freedom within reason and the world.
Industry Reviews
"Highly intelligent, original, and provocative. Her criticisms of the Autonomy View and the Real Self View are both vigorous and incisive. Her alternative approach--the Reason View--is developed with considerable subtlety and refinement. It is a distinctive approach to free will and moral responsibility, which deserves to be taken seriously."--Ethics
"Refreshing....Bold positions are advanced, elaborated with adequate, not exorbitant detail, and forcefully defended. The writing is crisp and not ponderous....Wolf's perspective on the issues is original. Although the theories that are surveyed are familiar, the way in which they are sorted is illuminating."--Journal of Philosophy
"Thoughtful and persuasive....A valuable dimension of Wolf's book is her clear summary of arguments that in their original form, are virtually inpenetrable to those who are not trained in academic philosophy."--American Political Science Review
"[Wolf's] view is marked by a refreshing simplicity that does not undermine its philosophical soundness or its persuasiveness....One can find little to discredit in Wolf's arguments, and her approach to the problem of the relationship between responsibility and freedom provides a relief from the tedious and convoluted debates that often take place when this issue is the topic."--Review of Metaphysics
"This book is brilliantly written and full of stimulating argument. Because it states the fundamental issues intuitively and clearly, it is accessible to a wide audience. Because many claims and arguments are original and well presented, it will also appeal to professionals....It is an important book that deserves a very wide audience."--Choice
"Highly intelligent, original, and provocative. Her criticisms of the Autonomy View and the Real Self View are both vigorous and incisive. Her alternative approach--the Reason View--is developed with considerable subtlety and refinement. It is a distinctive approach to free will and moral responsibility, which deserves to be taken seriously."--Ethics
"Refreshing....Bold positions are advanced, elaborated with adequate, not exorbitant detail, and forcefully defended. The writing is crisp and not ponderous....Wolf's perspective on the issues is original. Although the theories that are surveyed are familiar, the way in which they are sorted is illuminating."--Journal of Philosophy
"Thoughtful and persuasive....A valuable dimension of Wolf's book is her clear summary of arguments that in their original form, are virtually inpenetrable to those who are not trained in academic philosophy."--American Political Science Review
"[Wolf's] view is marked by a refreshing simplicity that does not undermine its philosophical soundness or its persuasiveness....One can find little to discredit in Wolf's arguments, and her approach to the problem of the relationship between responsibility and freedom provides a relief from the tedious and convoluted debates that often take place when this issue is the topic."--Review of Metaphysics
"This book is brilliantly written and full of stimulating argument. Because it states the fundamental issues intuitively and clearly, it is accessible to a wide audience. Because many claims and arguments are original and well presented, it will also appeal to professionals....It is an important book that deserves a very wide audience."--Choice
"An unusual and challenging view about human freedom and responsibility....Original and challenges more than a few entrenched presuppositions about human freedom and responsibility."--Times Literary Supplement
"Very good book and very useful. Articulates clearly a powerful idea about freedom and value."--Anthony Dardis, Hofstra University
"A wonderfully original and highly provocative book. It is certain to stimulate much discussion and debate."--John Martin Fischer, University of California, Riverside
| The Dilemma of Autonomy (In Which the Problems of Responsibility and Free Will Are Presented) | p. 3 |
| Setting Up the Problem(s): The Dilemma of Autonomy | p. 4 |
| Defending the Problem as a Problem: The Metaphysical Stance | p. 15 |
| The Real Self View (In Which a Nonautonomous Conception of Free Will and Responsibility is Examined and Criticized) | p. 23 |
| Relating the Problems of Free Will and Responsibility to Determinism | p. 24 |
| Avoiding Autonomy: Developing the Idea of an Agent's Real Self | p. 26 |
| Problems with the Real Self View | p. 35 |
| The Autonomy View (In Which an Autonomous Conception of Free Will and Responsibility Is Examined and Criticized) | p. 46 |
| The Apparent (but Only Apparent) Autonomy of Valuing Selves | p. 49 |
| Autonomy as the Ability to Make Radical Choices | p. 53 |
| The (Non) Desirability of Autonomy | p. 55 |
| A Last Voice in Favor of Autonomy: The Skeptic's Perspective | p. 62 |
| The Reason View (In Which a Nonautonomous Conception of Free Will and Responsibility Is Proposed) | p. 67 |
| The Reason View Compared with the Autonomy View | p. 68 |
| The Reason View Compared with the Real Self View | p. 73 |
| The Reason View as an Intermediary between the Other Views | p. 76 |
| The Asymmetry of the Reason View | p. 79 |
| The Reason View Applied | p. 81 |
| Blameworthiness According to the Reason View | p. 85 |
| The Unity and Spirit of the Reason View | p. 89 |
| Ability and Possibility (In Which the Implications of Determinism for Responsibility Are Discussed) | p. 94 |
| Determinism and the Reason View | p. 96 |
| Conditional Analyses of Ability | p. 97 |
| An Alternative Characterization of Ability | p. 100 |
| The Story | p. 103 |
| The Moral of the Story | p. 112 |
| The True and the Good (In Which the Metaethical Assumptions of the Reason View Are Examined) | p. 117 |
| The Role of "the True and the Good" in the Reason View | p. 118 |
| The Metaethical Spectrum | p. 123 |
| Varieties of Antiobjectivism | p. 126 |
| Conceptual Subjectivism's Implications for the Reason View | p. 132 |
| Normative Pluralism and Its Conjunction with the Reason View | p. 135 |
| How Much Freedom (and Reason) Do We Need? | p. 142 |
| Notes | p. 149 |
| Selected Readings | p. 155 |
| Index | p. 159 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780195085655
ISBN-10: 0195085655
Published: 1st July 1993
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number of Pages: 176
Audience: College, Tertiary and University
Publisher: Oxford University Press USA
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 12.9 x 20.3 x 1.2
Weight (kg): 0.18
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