Forest Mensuration

Preface.

1 Introduction.

1-1. Role of Forest Mensuration in Forest Management.

1-2. Forest Mensuration as a Tool for Monitoring Forests.

2 Principles of Measurement.

2-1. Scales of Measurement.

2-2. Units of Measurement.

2-3. Systems of Measurement.

2-4. Variables.

2-5. Precision, Accuracy, and Bias.

2-6. Signi.cant Digits and Rounding O.

2-7. Data Summary and Presentation.

2-8. Fundamental Measurements.

3 Basic Statistical Concepts.

3-1. Descriptive Statistics.

3-2. Frequency Distributions.

3-3. Measures of Central Tendency.

3-4. Measures of Dispersion.

3-5. Sampling Error.

3-6. Sample Size Determination.

3-7. Estimation of Totals.

3-8. Regression and Correlation.

3-9. Hypothesis Testing.

4 Land Area Determination.

4-1. Land Distance and Area Units.

4-2. Measuring Distances.

4-3. Measuring Area in the Field.

4-4. Measuring Area Using Maps and Photos.

4-5. Determination of Photo Scale.

4-6. Determination of Direction Using a Compass.

4-7. U.S. Public Land Surveys.

4-8. Global Positioning Systems.

4-9. Geographic Information Systems.

5 Individual Tree Parameters.

5-1. Age.

5-2. Tree Diameters and Areas.

5-3. Height.

5-4. Form.

5-5. Crown Parameters.

6 Determination of Tree Volume.

6-1. Determination of Cubic Volume.

6-2. Volume Tables.

6-3. Construction of Volume Tables.

6-4. Volume Distribution in Trees.

7 Determination of Tree Weight.

7-1. Factors In.uencing Wood Weight Estimates.

7-2. Tree Weight Relationships.

8 Stand Parameters.

8-1. Age.

8-2. Species Composition.

8-3. Diameter.

8-4. Height.

8-5. Density and Stocking.

8-6. Volume and Weight.

8-7. Site Quality.

9 Measurement of Primary Forest Products.

9-1. Units of Measurement.

9-2. Log Rules.

9-3. Board-Foot Log Rules.

9-4. Cubic-Volume Log Rules.

9-5. Log Scaling.

9-6. Scaling Stacked Volume.

9-7. Volume Unit Conversion.

9-8. Scaling by Weight.

10 Nontimber Forest Vegetation Parameters.

10-1. Understory Vegetation.

10-2. Woody Detritus.

10-3. Forest Vegetation for Wildlife Management.

10-4. Forest Biomass.

10-5. Carbon Content.

11 Sampling Units for Estimating Parameters.

11-1. The Factor Concept.

11-2. Fixed-Area Plots.

11-3. Sampling Units with Variable Probability.

11-4. Distance-Based Sampling Units.

11-5. Selecting Appropriate Sampling Units.

12 Forest Inventory.

12-1. Timber Estimation.

12-2. Nontimber Estimation.

12-3. Inventory Planning.

12-4. Forest Inventory Design.

12-5. Inventory Fieldwork.

12-6. Calculation and Compilation.

13 Sampling Designs in Forest Inventories.

13-1. Basic Considerations.

13-2. Simple Random Sampling.

13-3. Ratio and Regression Sampling.

13-4. Cluster Sampling.

13-5. Strati.ed Random Sampling.

13-6. Multistage Sampling.

13-7. Double Sampling.

13-8. Nonrandom Sampling.

13-9. Repeated Sampling in Forest Inventory.

14 Inventory Using Sampling with Varying Probability.

14-1. Horizontal Point Sampling.

14-2. List Sampling.

14-3. 3P Sampling.

15 Growth of the Tree.

15-1. Growth Curves.

15-2. Height and Diameter Growth.

15-3. Determination of Diameter Growth from Increment Cores.

15-4. Stem Analysis.

15-5. Areal and Volume Growth.

15-6. E.ects of Environmental Factors on Growth.

15-7. Growth Percentage.

16 Stand Growth and Yield.

16-1. Elements of Stand Growth.

16-2. Growth and Yield Models.

16-3. Using Stand Growth and Yield Models.

16-4. Assessing Stand Growth and Yield in Forest Inventories.

Appendix.

References.

Index.