Flow Visualization

Techniques And Examples : 2nd Edition

By: Alexander J Smits (Editor), Tee Tai Lim (Editor)

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Hardcover | 1 June 2012 | Edition Number 2

At a Glance

Hardcover
442 Pages

Edition Type
Revised

Dimensions(cm)
24.41 x 16.99 x 2.54

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This is the 2nd edition of the book, Flow Visualization: Techniques and Examples, which was published by Imperial College Press in 2000. Many of the chapters have been revised and updated to take into consideration recent changes in a number of flow visualization and measurement techniques, including an updated high quality flow gallery. Unique among similar publications, this book focuses on the practical rather than theoretical aspects. Obtaining high quality flow visualization results is, in many ways, more of an art than a science, and experience plays a key deciding role. The depth and breadth of the material will make this book invaluable to readers of all levels of experience in the field.

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Preface to the First Edition	p. xiii
Preface to the Second Edition	p. xiv
Interpretation of Flow Visualization	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Critical Points in Flow Patterns	p. 1
Relationship between Streamlines, Pathlines, and Streaklines	p. 9
Sectional Streamlines	p. 15
Bifurcation Lines	p. 16
Interpretation of Unsteady Flow Patterns with the Aid of Streaklines and Streamlines	p. 18
Concluding Remarks	p. 23
References	p. 24
Hydrogen Bubble Visualization	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
The Hydrogen Bubble Generation System	p. 29
Safety	p. 32
Bubble Probes	p. 33
Lighting	p. 37
Unique Applications	p. 38
References	p. 44
Dye and Smoke Visualization	p. 47
Introduction	p. 47
Flow Visualization in Water	p. 48
Conventional dye	p. 48
Laundry brightener	p. 49
Milk	p. 49
Fluorescent dye	p. 49
Methods of dye injection	p. 50
Rheoscopic fluid	p. 52
Electrolytic precipitation	p. 53
Flow Visualization in Air	p. 57
Smoke tunnel	p. 57
Smoke generator	p. 57
Smoke-wire technique	p. 59
Titanium tetrachloride	p. 62
Photographic Equipment and Techniques	p. 63
Lighting	p. 63
Camera	p. 66
Lens	p. 70
Film	p. 72
Cautionary Notes	p. 73
References	p. 76
Molecular Tagging Velocimetry And thermometry	p. 79
Introduction	p. 79
Properties of Photo-Sensitive Tracers	p. 80
Photochromic dyes	p. 80
Phosphorescent supramolecules	p. 80
Caged dyes	p. 83
Examples of Molecular Tagging Measurements	p. 86
Phosphorescent supramolecules	p. 87
Caged dye tracers	p. 89
Image Processing and Experimental Accuracy	p. 93
Line processing techniques	p. 93
Grid processing techniques	p. 96
Ray tracing	p. 97
Molecular tagging thermometry	p. 98
References	p. 103
Planar Imaging of Gas Phase Flows	p. 107
Introduction	p. 107
Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence	p. 109
Velocity tracking by laser-induced fluorescence	p. 116
Rayleigh Imaging from Molecules and Particles	p. 120
Filtered Rayleigh Scattering	p. 124
Planar Doppler Velocimetry	p. 132
Summary	p. 137
References	p. 137
Digital Particle Image Velocimetry	p. 143
Quantitative Flow Visualization	p. 143
DPIV Experimental Setup	p. 144
Particle Image Velocimetry: A Visual Presentation	p. 145
Image Correlation	p. 146
Peak finding	p. 149
Computational implementation in frequency space	p. 150
Video Imaging	p. 150
Post Processing	p. 152
Outlier removal	p. 152
Differentiable flow properties	p. 153
Integrable flow properties	p. 155
Sources of Error	p. 155
Uncertainty due to particle image density	p. 156
Uncertainty due to velocity gradients within the interrogation windows	p. 156
Uncertainty due to different particle size imaging	p. 157
Effects of using different sizes of interrogation windows	p. 157
Mean-bias error removal	p. 158
DPIV Applications	p. 161
Investigation of vortex ring formation	p. 161
A novel application for force prediction DPIV	p. 161
DPIV and a CFD counterpart: Common ground	p. 161
Conclusion	p. 163
References	p. 165
Surface Temperature Sensing With Thermochromic Liquid Crystals	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
Properties of liquid crystals	p. 168
Temperature calibration techniques	p. 170
Convective heat transfer coefficient measurement techniques	p. 170
Implementation	p. 173
Sensing sheet preparation	p. 175
Test surface illumination	p. 176
Image capture and reduction	p. 178
Calibration and measurement uncertainty	p. 179
Examples	p. 182
Turbine cascade	p. 182
Turbulent spot and boundary layer	p. 183
Turbulent juncture flow	p. 184
Particle image thermography	p. 185
References	p. 186
Pressure and Shear Sensitive Coatings	p. 191
Introduction	p. 191
Pressure-Sensitive Paint	p. 192
Obtaining and applying pressure-sensitive paint	p. 195
Lamps	p. 197
Cameras	p. 198
Data reduction	p. 200
Shear-Sensitive Liquid Crystal Coating Method	p. 202
Color-change responses to shear	p. 203
Coating application	p. 205
Lighting and imaging	p. 206
Data acquisition and analysis	p. 207
Example: Visualization of transition and separation	p. 209
Example: Application of shear vector method	p. 212
Fringe Imaging Skin Friction Interferometry	p. 214
Physical principles	p. 214
Surface preparation	p. 215
Lighting	p. 216
Imaging	p. 218
Calibration	p. 219
Data reduction	p. 219
Uncertainty	p. 221
Examples	p. 222
References	p. 224
Methods for Compressible Flows	p. 227
Introduction	p. 227
Basic Optical Concepts	p. 228
Index of Refraction for a Gas	p. 231
Light Ray Deflection and Retardation in a Refractive Field	p. 233
Shadowgraph	p. 235
Schlieren Method	p. 241
Interferometry	p. 244
Interference	p. 245
Mach-Zehnder Interferometer	p. 248
Holography	p. 252
Holographic Interferometry	p. 254
Applications	p. 258
Summary	p. 262
References	p. 264
Three-Dimensional Imaging	p. 267
Introduction	p. 267
Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques	p. 267
Image Data Types	p. 271
Laser Scanner Designs	p. 272
Discrete Laser Sheet Systems	p. 273
Double Scan Laser Sweep Systems	p. 274
Single Scan Laser Sweep Systems (Discrete)	p. 278
Drum Scanners	p. 280
Multiple Fixed Laser Sheets	p. 282
Moving Laser Sheet Systems	p. 284
Imaging Issues and Trade-Offs	p. 285
Position accuracy of laser sheets	p. 285
Illumination issues	p. 286
Sweeps versus sheets for CW lasers	p. 287
Optical components	p. 288
Methods of control	p. 289
Operational considerations	p. 290
Imaging devices	p. 294
Detailed Example	p. 295
Control system design	p. 298
Analysis and Display of Data	p. 300
Processing and analysis of data	p. 300
Methods of presentation and display	p. 302
Concluding remarks	p. 305
References	p. 305
Quantitative Flow Visualization Via Fully Resolved Four-Dimensional Imaging	p. 311
Introduction	p. 311
Technical Considerations	p. 313
Laser induced fluorescence	p. 313
Beam scanning electronics	p. 313
Data acquisition system	p. 316
Signal levels	p. 317
Signal-to-noise ratio	p. 322
Spatial and temporal resolution	p. 324
Data processing	p. 328
Sample Applications	p. 330
Fine structure of turbulent scalar fields	p. 330
Assessment of Taylor's hypothesis	p. 332
Scalar imaging velocimetry	p. 333
Fractal scaling of turbulent scalar fields	p. 333
Further Information	p. 335
References	p. 337
Visualization, Feature Extraction, and Quantification of Numerical Visualizations of High-Gradient Compressible Flows	p. 339
Introduction	p. 339
Fundamental configuration	p. 340
Visualization Techniques	p. 343
Numerical analog of experimental techniques	p. 343
Smoothing and noise suppression	p. 346
Selection of variables for visualization	p. 348
Quantification of Shocks and Contacts	p. 350
One-dimensional example	p. 350
Algorithm	p. 350
Two-dimensional example	p. 355
Contact tracking and convergence of simulations	p. 357
Quantification of local shock properties	p. 360
Conclusion	p. 361
Appendix A: Pseudo-code to Extract the Discontinuity Curves	p. 362
References	p. 365
Color Plates and Flow Gallery	p. 367
Index	p. 423
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Flow Visualization

Techniques And Examples : 2nd Edition

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