| Preface to the First Edition | p. xiii |
| Preface to the Second Edition | p. xiv |
| Interpretation of Flow Visualization | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Critical Points in Flow Patterns | p. 1 |
| Relationship between Streamlines, Pathlines, and Streaklines | p. 9 |
| Sectional Streamlines | p. 15 |
| Bifurcation Lines | p. 16 |
| Interpretation of Unsteady Flow Patterns with the Aid of Streaklines and Streamlines | p. 18 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 23 |
| References | p. 24 |
| Hydrogen Bubble Visualization | p. 27 |
| Introduction | p. 27 |
| The Hydrogen Bubble Generation System | p. 29 |
| Safety | p. 32 |
| Bubble Probes | p. 33 |
| Lighting | p. 37 |
| Unique Applications | p. 38 |
| References | p. 44 |
| Dye and Smoke Visualization | p. 47 |
| Introduction | p. 47 |
| Flow Visualization in Water | p. 48 |
| Conventional dye | p. 48 |
| Laundry brightener | p. 49 |
| Milk | p. 49 |
| Fluorescent dye | p. 49 |
| Methods of dye injection | p. 50 |
| Rheoscopic fluid | p. 52 |
| Electrolytic precipitation | p. 53 |
| Flow Visualization in Air | p. 57 |
| Smoke tunnel | p. 57 |
| Smoke generator | p. 57 |
| Smoke-wire technique | p. 59 |
| Titanium tetrachloride | p. 62 |
| Photographic Equipment and Techniques | p. 63 |
| Lighting | p. 63 |
| Camera | p. 66 |
| Lens | p. 70 |
| Film | p. 72 |
| Cautionary Notes | p. 73 |
| References | p. 76 |
| Molecular Tagging Velocimetry And thermometry | p. 79 |
| Introduction | p. 79 |
| Properties of Photo-Sensitive Tracers | p. 80 |
| Photochromic dyes | p. 80 |
| Phosphorescent supramolecules | p. 80 |
| Caged dyes | p. 83 |
| Examples of Molecular Tagging Measurements | p. 86 |
| Phosphorescent supramolecules | p. 87 |
| Caged dye tracers | p. 89 |
| Image Processing and Experimental Accuracy | p. 93 |
| Line processing techniques | p. 93 |
| Grid processing techniques | p. 96 |
| Ray tracing | p. 97 |
| Molecular tagging thermometry | p. 98 |
| References | p. 103 |
| Planar Imaging of Gas Phase Flows | p. 107 |
| Introduction | p. 107 |
| Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence | p. 109 |
| Velocity tracking by laser-induced fluorescence | p. 116 |
| Rayleigh Imaging from Molecules and Particles | p. 120 |
| Filtered Rayleigh Scattering | p. 124 |
| Planar Doppler Velocimetry | p. 132 |
| Summary | p. 137 |
| References | p. 137 |
| Digital Particle Image Velocimetry | p. 143 |
| Quantitative Flow Visualization | p. 143 |
| DPIV Experimental Setup | p. 144 |
| Particle Image Velocimetry: A Visual Presentation | p. 145 |
| Image Correlation | p. 146 |
| Peak finding | p. 149 |
| Computational implementation in frequency space | p. 150 |
| Video Imaging | p. 150 |
| Post Processing | p. 152 |
| Outlier removal | p. 152 |
| Differentiable flow properties | p. 153 |
| Integrable flow properties | p. 155 |
| Sources of Error | p. 155 |
| Uncertainty due to particle image density | p. 156 |
| Uncertainty due to velocity gradients within the interrogation windows | p. 156 |
| Uncertainty due to different particle size imaging | p. 157 |
| Effects of using different sizes of interrogation windows | p. 157 |
| Mean-bias error removal | p. 158 |
| DPIV Applications | p. 161 |
| Investigation of vortex ring formation | p. 161 |
| A novel application for force prediction DPIV | p. 161 |
| DPIV and a CFD counterpart: Common ground | p. 161 |
| Conclusion | p. 163 |
| References | p. 165 |
| Surface Temperature Sensing With Thermochromic Liquid Crystals | p. 167 |
| Introduction | p. 167 |
| Properties of liquid crystals | p. 168 |
| Temperature calibration techniques | p. 170 |
| Convective heat transfer coefficient measurement techniques | p. 170 |
| Implementation | p. 173 |
| Sensing sheet preparation | p. 175 |
| Test surface illumination | p. 176 |
| Image capture and reduction | p. 178 |
| Calibration and measurement uncertainty | p. 179 |
| Examples | p. 182 |
| Turbine cascade | p. 182 |
| Turbulent spot and boundary layer | p. 183 |
| Turbulent juncture flow | p. 184 |
| Particle image thermography | p. 185 |
| References | p. 186 |
| Pressure and Shear Sensitive Coatings | p. 191 |
| Introduction | p. 191 |
| Pressure-Sensitive Paint | p. 192 |
| Obtaining and applying pressure-sensitive paint | p. 195 |
| Lamps | p. 197 |
| Cameras | p. 198 |
| Data reduction | p. 200 |
| Shear-Sensitive Liquid Crystal Coating Method | p. 202 |
| Color-change responses to shear | p. 203 |
| Coating application | p. 205 |
| Lighting and imaging | p. 206 |
| Data acquisition and analysis | p. 207 |
| Example: Visualization of transition and separation | p. 209 |
| Example: Application of shear vector method | p. 212 |
| Fringe Imaging Skin Friction Interferometry | p. 214 |
| Physical principles | p. 214 |
| Surface preparation | p. 215 |
| Lighting | p. 216 |
| Imaging | p. 218 |
| Calibration | p. 219 |
| Data reduction | p. 219 |
| Uncertainty | p. 221 |
| Examples | p. 222 |
| References | p. 224 |
| Methods for Compressible Flows | p. 227 |
| Introduction | p. 227 |
| Basic Optical Concepts | p. 228 |
| Index of Refraction for a Gas | p. 231 |
| Light Ray Deflection and Retardation in a Refractive Field | p. 233 |
| Shadowgraph | p. 235 |
| Schlieren Method | p. 241 |
| Interferometry | p. 244 |
| Interference | p. 245 |
| Mach-Zehnder Interferometer | p. 248 |
| Holography | p. 252 |
| Holographic Interferometry | p. 254 |
| Applications | p. 258 |
| Summary | p. 262 |
| References | p. 264 |
| Three-Dimensional Imaging | p. 267 |
| Introduction | p. 267 |
| Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques | p. 267 |
| Image Data Types | p. 271 |
| Laser Scanner Designs | p. 272 |
| Discrete Laser Sheet Systems | p. 273 |
| Double Scan Laser Sweep Systems | p. 274 |
| Single Scan Laser Sweep Systems (Discrete) | p. 278 |
| Drum Scanners | p. 280 |
| Multiple Fixed Laser Sheets | p. 282 |
| Moving Laser Sheet Systems | p. 284 |
| Imaging Issues and Trade-Offs | p. 285 |
| Position accuracy of laser sheets | p. 285 |
| Illumination issues | p. 286 |
| Sweeps versus sheets for CW lasers | p. 287 |
| Optical components | p. 288 |
| Methods of control | p. 289 |
| Operational considerations | p. 290 |
| Imaging devices | p. 294 |
| Detailed Example | p. 295 |
| Control system design | p. 298 |
| Analysis and Display of Data | p. 300 |
| Processing and analysis of data | p. 300 |
| Methods of presentation and display | p. 302 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 305 |
| References | p. 305 |
| Quantitative Flow Visualization Via Fully Resolved Four-Dimensional Imaging | p. 311 |
| Introduction | p. 311 |
| Technical Considerations | p. 313 |
| Laser induced fluorescence | p. 313 |
| Beam scanning electronics | p. 313 |
| Data acquisition system | p. 316 |
| Signal levels | p. 317 |
| Signal-to-noise ratio | p. 322 |
| Spatial and temporal resolution | p. 324 |
| Data processing | p. 328 |
| Sample Applications | p. 330 |
| Fine structure of turbulent scalar fields | p. 330 |
| Assessment of Taylor's hypothesis | p. 332 |
| Scalar imaging velocimetry | p. 333 |
| Fractal scaling of turbulent scalar fields | p. 333 |
| Further Information | p. 335 |
| References | p. 337 |
| Visualization, Feature Extraction, and Quantification of Numerical Visualizations of High-Gradient Compressible Flows | p. 339 |
| Introduction | p. 339 |
| Fundamental configuration | p. 340 |
| Visualization Techniques | p. 343 |
| Numerical analog of experimental techniques | p. 343 |
| Smoothing and noise suppression | p. 346 |
| Selection of variables for visualization | p. 348 |
| Quantification of Shocks and Contacts | p. 350 |
| One-dimensional example | p. 350 |
| Algorithm | p. 350 |
| Two-dimensional example | p. 355 |
| Contact tracking and convergence of simulations | p. 357 |
| Quantification of local shock properties | p. 360 |
| Conclusion | p. 361 |
| Appendix A: Pseudo-code to Extract the Discontinuity Curves | p. 362 |
| References | p. 365 |
| Color Plates and Flow Gallery | p. 367 |
| Index | p. 423 |
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