Eye Tracking Methodology

Theory and Practice

By: Andrew Duchowski

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Paperback | 14 August 2007 | Edition Number 2

At a Glance

Paperback
356 Pages

Edition Type
Revised

Dimensions(cm)
22.86 x 15.24 x 1.91

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$169.00

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Despite the availability of cheap, fast, accurate and usable eye trackers, there is still little information available on how to develop, implement and use these systems. This second edition of Andrew Duchowski's successful guide to these systems contains significant additional material on the topic and fills this gap in the market with this accessible and comprehensive introduction. Opening with useful background information, including an introduction to the human visual system and key issues in visual perception and eye movement, the second part surveys eye-tracking devices and provides a detailed introduction to the technical requirements necessary for installing a system and developing an application program. The book focuses on video-based, corneal-reflection eye trackers - the most widely available and affordable type of system, before closing with a look at a number of interesting and challenging applications in human factors, collaborative systems, virtual reality, marketing and advertising.

Industry Reviews

From the reviews:

"The book provides an in-depth overview of the science and applications behind eye-tracking. ... To its merit, the content for each chapter is supplemented with further readings sections, which will allow interested readers to delve deeper in one direction or another. The book is written in an easy-to-understand language. Given its breadth, it may be most appropriate for scientists and students starting in this field. ... Overall, I found it to be a solid book on a fascinating topic." (Stefan Robila, ACM Computing Reviews, October 2008)

From the reviews of the second edition:

"The four-part structure enables you to quickly locate material suited to your background and needs; additionally, each chapter concludes with a helpful summary and discussion of further resources. ... the book does offer useful information for those interested in conducting eye tracking studies." (Eva R. Brumberger, Technical Communication, Vol. 55 (3), August, 2008)

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Psychology Cognition & Cognitive Psychology Computing & I.T.Graphical & Digital Media Applications Computer Science Artificial Intelligence Computer Vision Operating Systems Human-Computer Interaction User Interface Design & Usability Engineering & Technology

Technology in General Engineering in General Databases Data Capture & Analysis Mechanical Engineering & Materials Production & Industrial Engineering Business Applications

List of Figures	p. XV
List of Tables	p. XIX
Introduction to the Human Visual System (HVS)
Visual Attention	p. 3
Visual Attention: A Historical Review	p. 4
Von Helmholtz's "where"	p. 4
James' "what"	p. 5
Gibson's "how"	p. 6
Broadbent's "selective filter"	p. 6
Deutsch and Deutsch's "importance weightings"	p. 6
Yarbus and Noton and Stark's "scanpaths"	p. 8
Posner's "spotlight"	p. 9
Treisman's "glue"	p. 11
Kosslyn's "window"	p. 11
Visual Attention and Eye Movements	p. 12
Summary and Further Reading	p. 14
Neurological Substrate of the HVS	p. 17
The Eye	p. 20
The Retina	p. 21
The Outer Layer	p. 22
The Inner Nuclear Layer	p. 22
The Ganglion Layer	p. 24
The Optic Tract and M/P Visual Channels	p. 25
The Occipital Cortex and Beyond	p. 27
Motion-Sensitive Single-Cell Physiology	p. 28
Summary and Further Reading	p. 29
Visual Psychophysics	p. 31
Spatial Vision	p. 31
Temporal Vision	p. 35
Perception of Motion in the Visual Periphery	p. 38
Sensitivity to Direction of Motion in the Visual Periphery	p. 38
Color Vision	p. 38
Implications for Attentional Design of Visual Displays	p. 41
Summary and Further Reading	p. 42
Taxonomy and Models of Eye Movements	p. 43
The Extra-Ocular Muscles and The Oculomotor Plant	p. 43
Saccades	p. 44
Smooth Pursuits	p. 48
Fixations	p. 48
Nystagmus	p. 49
Implications for Eye Movement Analysis	p. 50
Summary and Further Reading	p. 50
Eye Tracking Systems
Eye Tracking Techniques	p. 55
Electro-Oculography (EOG)	p. 56
Scleral Contact Lens/Search Coil	p. 57
Photo-Oculography (POG) or Video-Oculography (VOG)	p. 58
Video-Based Combined Pupil/Corneal Reflection	p. 58
Classifying Eye Trackers in "Mocap" Terminology	p. 62
Summary and Further Reading	p. 65
System Hardware Installation	p. 67
Integration Issues and Requirements	p. 67
System Installation	p. 71
Lessons Learned from the Installation at Clemson	p. 73
Summary and Further Reading	p. 74
System Software Development	p. 77
Mapping Eye Tracker Screen Coordinates	p. 78
Mapping Screen Coordinates to the 3D Viewing Frustum	p. 78
Mapping Screen Coordinates to the 2D Image	p. 80
Measuring Eye Tracker Screen Coordinate Extents	p. 80
Mapping Flock Of Birds Tracker Coordinates	p. 82
Obtaining the Transformed View Vector	p. 84
Obtaining the Transformed Up Vector	p. 85
Transforming an Arbitrary Vector	p. 85
3D Gaze Point Calculation	p. 86
Parametric Ray Representation of Gaze Direction	p. 89
Virtual Gaze Intersection Point Coordinates	p. 90
Ray/Plane Intersection	p. 90
Point-In-Polygon Problem	p. 92
Data Representation and Storage	p. 93
Summary and Further Reading	p. 95
System Calibration	p. 97
Software Implementation	p. 98
Ancillary Calibration Procedures	p. 102
Internal 2D Calibration	p. 103
Internal 3D Calibration	p. 105
Summary and Further Reading	p. 107
Eye Movement Analysis	p. 111
Signal Denoising	p. 113
Dwell-Time Fixation Detection	p. 115
Velocity-Based Saccade Detection	p. 115
Eye Movement Analysis in Three Dimensions	p. 119
Parameter Estimation	p. 122
Fixation Grouping	p. 127
Eye Movement Data Mirroring	p. 128
Summary and Further Reading	p. 128
Eye Tracking Applications
Diversity and Types of Eye Tracking Applications	p. 131
Summary and Further Reading	p. 132
Neuroscience and Psychology	p. 133
Neurophysiological Investigation of Illusory Contours	p. 134
Attentional Neuroscience	p. 135
Eye Movements and Brain Imaging	p. 138
Reading	p. 140
Scene Perception	p. 143
Perception of Art	p. 148
Perception of Film	p. 150
Visual Search	p. 152
Computational Models of Visual Search	p. 158
Natural Tasks	p. 163
Eye Movements in Other Information Processing Tasks	p. 167
Summary and Further Reading	p. 169
Industrial Engineering and Human Factors	p. 171
Aviation	p. 171
Driving	p. 175
Visual Inspection	p. 182
Summary and Further Reading	p. 192
Marketing/Advertising	p. 193
Copy Testing	p. 195
Print Advertising	p. 196
Ad Placement	p. 200
Summary and Further Reading	p. 202
Computer Science	p. 205
Human-Computer Interaction and Collaborative Systems	p. 205
Eye-Based Interaction	p. 206
Usability	p. 209
Collaborative Systems	p. 211
Gaze-Contingent Displays	p. 211
Screen-Based Displays	p. 213
Model-Based Graphical Displays	p. 217
Summary and Further Reading	p. 225
Conclusion	p. 227
References	p. 229
Index	p. 245
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Eye Tracking Methodology

Theory and Practice

At a Glance

Paperback

Industry Reviews

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

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