| Preface | p. ix |
| Acknowledgements | p. xi |
| Basic principles of explosion protection | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Sources of ignition | p. 2 |
| Hot surfaces | p. 5 |
| Flames | p. 7 |
| Sparks and electrical arcs | p. 18 |
| Frictional sparks | p. 20 |
| Electrostatics | p. 24 |
| High frequency electromagnetic waves | p. 25 |
| Optical radiation | p. 25 |
| Other sources of ignition | p. 26 |
| The classification of hazardous areas | p. 27 |
| Basic principles | p. 27 |
| Examples of the classification of hazardous areas | p. 36 |
| Explosion protection for zone 0 | p. 36 |
| Explosion protection for zone 2 | p. 41 |
| Explosion protection for electrical apparatus in the presence of combustible dusts | p. 45 |
| Standards for electrical apparatus and systems in zone 1 | p. 51 |
| National standardization and approvals | p. 51 |
| Standardization in Europe--European Standards and Directives | p. 55 |
| European Standards by CENELEC | p. 55 |
| Directives | p. 63 |
| The new approach--Directive 94/9/EC | p. 73 |
| The IEC world | p. 85 |
| Grouping and classification of explosion protected electrical apparatus | p. 99 |
| Marking and selection of explosion protected apparatus | p. 109 |
| The different types of protection--constructional requirements | p. 119 |
| General requirements | p. 120 |
| Oil immersion | p. 129 |
| Powder filling | p. 130 |
| Pressurized apparatus | p. 134 |
| Basic principles of pressurization | p. 134 |
| Safety devices, control and monitoring units for pressurized enclosures, general safety aspects | p. 143 |
| Techniques for cable entries | p. 151 |
| Energy distribution systems | p. 154 |
| Gas analysers | p. 158 |
| Motors and generators | p. 160 |
| Encapsulation | p. 166 |
| Special type of protection | p. 173 |
| Increased safety | p. 174 |
| The basic principles of 'increased safety' | p. 174 |
| Terminal compartments, cable connecting techniques and connection facilities | p. 184 |
| Motors, generators, transformers and reactors | p. 200 |
| Mains-operated luminaires | p. 207 |
| Accumulators (secondary batteries) | p. 214 |
| Current and voltage sensors | p. 221 |
| Low voltage energy distribution systems | p. 224 |
| Resistance heating units | p. 225 |
| Flameproof enclosure | p. 229 |
| The basic principles of 'flameproof enclosure' | p. 229 |
| Techniques for cable entries | p. 247 |
| Motors and generators | p. 252 |
| Energy distribution systems | p. 262 |
| Mains-operated luminaires | p. 275 |
| Heating systems | p. 277 |
| Remote monitoring and controlling | p. 282 |
| Analysers | p. 287 |
| Special equipment for coal mining | p. 295 |
| Plug-and-socket connectors | p. 299 |
| Limits of application | p. 304 |
| Intrinsic safety | p. 323 |
| Basic principles of intrinsic safety | p. 324 |
| Classification and marking | p. 362 |
| Apparatus for intrinsically safe electrical circuits | p. 367 |
| Constructional requirements for intrinsically safe apparatus | p. 383 |
| Installation of intrinsically safe electrical circuits | p. 386 |
| Advanced methods of intrinsic safety | p. 403 |
| Analysers and analyser rooms | p. 423 |
| Pressurized enclosures with an internal release of flammable substances | p. 423 |
| Pressurized enclosures in zone 2 and for use in the presence of combustible dusts | p. 427 |
| Pressurized enclosures with simplified control units--a concept for zone 2 | p. 428 |
| Pressurized enclosures and combustible dusts | p. 429 |
| Analyser rooms--manned pressurized enclosures? | p. 430 |
| Testing explosion protected electrical equipment | p. 432 |
| Tests for flameproof enclosures | p. 433 |
| Partial discharge (PD) measurements | p. 440 |
| Testing intrinsic safety of electrical circuits | p. 450 |
| Financial considerations--selecting explosion protected electrical equipment | p. 456 |
| Mains-operated light fittings in zone 1 | p. 456 |
| Motors and generators | p. 459 |
| Switchgear assemblies and frequency convertors | p. 464 |
| Remote controlling and monitoring, data transmission and communication | p. 468 |
| Inspection, maintenance and repair of explosion protected equipment | p. 472 |
| Explosion protected apparatus for zone 0 and zone 2 | p. 485 |
| Apparatus for zone 0 | p. 485 |
| Apparatus for zone 2 | p. 487 |
| Cable protection in coal mines and other areas hazardous due to combustibles | p. 493 |
| Principles of cable fault detection | p. 493 |
| Cable protection by rapid-acting switchgear with electrodynamic linear drives | p. 498 |
| Damage risks--fault currents and arcs | p. 501 |
| Principles of fault-current switching | p. 502 |
| Electrodynamic linear drives--the way to sub-millisecond switching times | p. 503 |
| The ultra-rapid switch unit | p. 504 |
| Cable protection using the UR 1/400 switch | p. 507 |
| Bibliography | p. 511 |
| Index | p. 517 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
