Exploring Language Structure

A Student's Guide

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Hardcover | 12 January 2006

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390 Pages

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24.41 x 16.99 x 2.24

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Designed for those beginning to study linguistics, this is a lively introduction to two key aspects of the structure of language: syntax (the structure of sentences) and morphology (the structure of words). It shows students in a step-by-step fashion how to analyze the syntax and morphology of any language, by clearly describing the basic methods and techniques, and providing almost 100 practical exercises based on data from a rich variety of the world's languages. Written in an engaging style and complete with a comprehensive glossary, Exploring Language Structure explains linguistic concepts by using clear analogies from everyday life. It introduces a range of essential topics in syntax and morphology, such as rules, categories, word classes, grammatical relations, multi-clause constructions and typology. Providing a solid foundation in morphology and syntax, this is the perfect introductory text for beginning students, and will fully prepare them for more advanced courses in linguistic analysis.

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List of figures	p. x
List of tables	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xv
A note on transcriptions	p. xvi
List of abbreviations	p. xvii
Introduction to morphology and syntax	p. 1
The form-function composite	p. 3
Creativity and recursion	p. 5
Grammar	p. 7
Morphology and syntax	p. 7
Lexicon	p. 9
Three expression types compared	p. 11
Subtypes of lexical expression	p. 12
Classes in the lexicon	p. 14
Some basic concepts in morphology	p. 16
Introduction to the exercises	p. 20
Conceptual outline of chapter 1	p. 25
Exercises	p. 26
Morphological processes and conceptual categories	p. 32
Conceptual categories and the problem of labeling	p. 32
The "big ten" morphological processes	p. 40
Methods for representing morphological processes	p. 45
Conceptual outline of chapter 2	p. 54
Exercises	p. 55
Morphophonemics	p. 63
Specifying the environments for morphophonemic rules	p. 67
How to pick an underlying form	p. 70
Rule ordering	p. 73
Nasal assimilation in English	p. 75
Types of morphophonemic rules	p. 78
Possession in Asheninka	p. 81
Summary of notational conventions	p. 83
Conceptual outline of chapter 3	p. 85
Exercises	p. 85
Word classes	p. 93
Nouns	p. 94
Verbs	p. 104
Adjectives	p. 116
Adverbs	p. 117
Other word classes	p. 118
Conceptual outline of Chapter 4	p. 126
Exercises	p. 127
Exploring subclasses	p. 133
Methodology	p. 134
Conceptual outline of Chapter 5	p. 144
Exercises	p. 144
Constituent structure	p. 152
A note about syntactic formalisms	p. 152
Syntax	p. 153
Tests for constituent structure	p. 158
Phrase structure rules	p. 165
Constituent structure trees	p. 166
Ambiguity	p. 180
Conceptual outline of chapter 6	p. 182
Exercises	p. 183
Language typology	p. 189
Morphological typology	p. 190
Syntactic typology	p. 191
Examples of an OV and a VO language	p. 194
Pragmatic constituent order languages	p. 198
How to analyze the syntactic typology of a language	p. 202
Conceptual outline of chapter 7	p. 204
Exercises	p. 204
Grammatical relations	p. 210
Grammatical relations within noun phrases	p. 211
Grammatical relations in clauses	p. 212
Systems for organizing grammatical relations	p. 216
Analyzing grammatical relations systems	p. 221
Split systems	p. 223
Conceptual outline of chapter 8	p. 229
Exercises	p. 229
Voice and valence	p. 237
Valence-decreasing constructions	p. 241
Valence-increasing constructions	p. 258
Combinations of valence-related constructions	p. 272
Conceptual outline of chapter 9	p. 275
Exercises	p. 277
Multi-clause constructions	p. 288
Serial verbs	p. 288
Complement clauses	p. 289
Adverbial clauses	p. 295
Clause chains and switch-reference	p. 298
Relative clauses	p. 299
Coordination	p. 307
Conceptual outline of chapter 10	p. 310
Exercises	p. 311
Glossary	p. 320
References	p. 349
Subject and language index	p. 357
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Exploring Language Structure

A Student's Guide

At a Glance

Hardcover

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

Other Editions and Formats

Paperback

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