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* The education literature is replete with fly-by-night ideas and unresearched opinions about how to teach children. This book has none of that. The reader is given researched educational methods. In fact, some methods draw on 3 or 4 decades of experimental data. The whole book is cohesive, not just a patchwork of different educators' opinions. All of the chapters are built on basic scientific principles of behavior, and all of the methods can be used with one another
* This is a book by scientist-practitioners, but not for scientists only. A parent can read many of these chapters, see the merit in the methods, and convey the need and the process for each of the methods
* No book stands alone, but is connected to a greater literature base. The reader is shown where other information can be found about these methods.
* The only thing better than scientific data is scientific data supported by consumer testimonial
| Contributors | p. xix |
| Preface | p. xxiii |
| Introduction to Evidence-Based Educational Methods | |
| The Need for Evidence-Based Educational Methods | |
| Introduction | p. 3 |
| No Child Left Behind | p. 4 |
| Behavior Analysis and Education | p. 5 |
| Reviewing the Outcomes and Principles of Effective Instruction | |
| Introduction | p. 9 |
| Precision Teaching | p. 14 |
| Direct Instruction | p. 15 |
| Programmed Instruction | p. 17 |
| Personalized System of Instruction | p. 18 |
| Emphasis on the Written Word | p. 19 |
| Self Pacing | p. 19 |
| Mastery | p. 20 |
| Proctors | p. 20 |
| Lectures for Motivation or Reinforcement | p. 20 |
| Summary and Conclusion | p. 21 |
| A Real Science and Technology of Education | |
| Introduction | p. 23 |
| The Need for a Strategic Science of Instruction | p. 25 |
| Components of an Advanced and Sophisticated Science and Technology of Instruction | p. 28 |
| Cabas: A Systems Technology of Schooling and a Strategic Science of Pedagogy | p. 37 |
| Conclusion | p. 41 |
| Precision Teaching | |
| Precision Teaching: Foundations and Classroom Applications | |
| Why Precision Teaching? | p. 47 |
| The Chart | p. 49 |
| Example of Precision Teaching Implementation | p. 50 |
| Read a Chart | p. 50 |
| Chart Features | p. 52 |
| Prediction | p. 53 |
| Relative Emphasis | p. 53 |
| Wide-Range Display | p. 54 |
| Another Chart Example: Middle School | p. 55 |
| Learning/Celeration | p. 58 |
| Precision Teaching's Place in Teaching and Education | p. 59 |
| Ethics and Precision Teaching Measures in Schools | p. 60 |
| Precision Teaching: Applications in Education and Beyond | |
| Introduction | p. 63 |
| Precision Teaching and Special Education | p. 66 |
| Precision Teaching for Adult Learners in College and Pre-Vocational Training | p. 68 |
| Precision Teaching Applications for Individuals with Various Disabilities | p. 70 |
| Precision Teaching with Thoughts, Urges, and Other "Inner" Phenomena | p. 74 |
| Precision Teaching, Computers, and Internet Resources | p. 74 |
| Conclusions | p. 76 |
| Direct Instruction | |
| Direct Instruction: The Big Ideas | |
| Introduction | p. 81 |
| Teaching Generalizable Strategies | p. 82 |
| Instructional Programs that Powerfully and Systematically Build Skills | p. 83 |
| Clear and Explicit Instruction | p. 83 |
| Sequence of Instruction | p. 84 |
| Provide Initial Support, Then Gradually Reduce Support | p. 84 |
| Provide Sufficient Practice and Mastery Critiera | p. 85 |
| Provide Clear Instructions to Teachers | p. 86 |
| Tracks | p. 86 |
| Organize Instruction to Maximize High-Quality Instructional Interactions | p. 87 |
| Placement | p. 87 |
| Flexible, Skill-Based Grouping for Efficient Instruction | p. 88 |
| High Rates of Overt and Active Engagement | p. 89 |
| Provide Effective Corrections | p. 90 |
| Research Related to Direct Instruction | p. 91 |
| Teacher-Made Scripted Lessons | |
| Introduction | p. 95 |
| Definition of Explicit Instruction | p. 95 |
| Scripted Lessons | p. 96 |
| Orient and Review | p. 97 |
| Presentation of New Content | p. 98 |
| Practice | p. 99 |
| Model | p. 100 |
| Probes and Checks | p. 101 |
| Formal Assessments | p. 101 |
| Independent Practice | p. 105 |
| Exams | p. 105 |
| Distributed Practice | p. 105 |
| Positive Outcomes of Scripted Lessons | p. 106 |
| The Competent Learner Model: A Merging of Applied Behavior Analysis, Direct Instruction, and Precision Teaching | |
| Introduction | p. 109 |
| Applied Behavior Analysis and The Competent Learner Model | p. 112 |
| What repertoires need to be developed or weakened? | p. 112 |
| What stimuli are available to affect change in behavior? | p. 113 |
| What contingencies are required to develop or weaken the repertoires? | p. 113 |
| How can the parts of instructional conditions be arranged and rearranged to develop the competent learner repertoires? | p. 114 |
| Direct Instruction and the Competent Learner Model | p. 114 |
| Precision Teaching and the Competent Learner Model | p. 117 |
| The Components of the Competent Learner Model | p. 117 |
| The CLM Course of Study | p. 117 |
| Coaching | p. 118 |
| Collaborative Consultation | p. 118 |
| Evidence of the Impact of the Competent Learner Model | p. 121 |
| Computers and Teaching Machines | |
| Effective Use of Computers in Instruction | |
| Introduction | p. 127 |
| What are the Types of Instructional Software? | p. 128 |
| Tutorial | p. 128 |
| Drill-and-Practice | p. 128 |
| Simulations | p. 129 |
| What are the Features of EffectiveInstructional Software? | p. 130 |
| Antecedents for Desired Behavior | p. 130 |
| Behavior: Active and Frequent Student Responding | p. 131 |
| Consequences: Feedback for Student Responses | p. 132 |
| What Makes Software Design Effective? | p. 132 |
| Navigational Aids | p. 132 |
| Presentation Style and Organization Structure | p. 133 |
| Distinctiveness of Information | p. 133 |
| Text Characteristics | p. 133 |
| What is the Evidence for the Effectiveness of Automated Instruction? | p. 134 |
| Meta-Analytic General Results | p. 135 |
| Specific Meta-Analytic Findings | p. 136 |
| How Should Particular Instructional Software be Evaluated? | p. 137 |
| Content | p. 137 |
| Outcomes | p. 137 |
| Generalization | p. 137 |
| Conclusions | p. 138 |
| Adaptive Computerized Educational Systems: A Case Study | |
| Undergraduate Teaching in the Modern University | p. 143 |
| Undergraduate Teaching in Small Liberal Arts Colleges | p. 145 |
| Computers and Adaptive Instruction | p. 149 |
| Adaptive Control, Teaching, and Learning | p. 151 |
| Adaptive Instruction | p. 151 |
| Adaptive Testing | p. 153 |
| Mediamatrix and its Current Use in Higher Education | p. 154 |
| Fully Supported Shaping of Reading Comprehension Skills | p. 155 |
| Successive Approximations to Less Prompted Learning | p. 156 |
| Further Development of Verbal Associate Networks | p. 157 |
| Full Development of Verbal Associate Networks | p. 158 |
| How the Probe Mode Works | p. 159 |
| More on Adaptive Programmed Instruction: Parametrics of How Mediamatrix Works | p. 159 |
| Assess and Certification Modes | p. 159 |
| Instructor Options for Managing Student Contact with the Tutoring System | p. 160 |
| Empirical Research on Mediamatrix Delivered Adaptive Instruction | p. 161 |
| Higher Education's Four Horsemen of its Apocalypse | p. 165 |
| Conclusion | p. 168 |
| Selected for Success: How Headsprout Reading Basics Teaches Beginning Reading | |
| Introduction | p. 171 |
| Key Skills and Strategies Students and Teachers' Best Friends | p. 172 |
| Learning Methodologies: Foundational and Flexible | p. 175 |
| Embracing the Burden of Proof: Headsprout's Unparalleled Learner Testing | p. 178 |
| Enabling Evolution: Headsprout's Recombinant Teaching and Engineering Models | p. 182 |
| Headsprout's Internet Advantage: Broad Availability and Continuous Improvement | p. 183 |
| Headsprout Reading basics: Empirical Data | p. 183 |
| Instructional Adaptability | p. 184 |
| Learner Performance Data | p. 184 |
| Reading Outcomes | p. 185 |
| Demonstrated Effective | p. 192 |
| Educator Feedback | p. 192 |
| Conclusion | p. 195 |
| Personalized System of Instruction | |
| The Personalized System of Instruction: A Flexible and Effective Approach to Mastery Learning | |
| Introduction | p. 201 |
| History and Overview | p. 202 |
| Key Features of PSI | p. 203 |
| The Rise of PSI | p. 204 |
| The Fall of PSI | p. 205 |
| Effectiveness | p. 206 |
| Flexibility | p. 208 |
| Implementing PSI in the 21st Century | p. 209 |
| Deciding To Use PSI | p. 210 |
| Key Features of PSI: Updated and Revised | p. 211 |
| Conclusion | p. 216 |
| Making the Most of PSI with Computer Technology | |
| Introduction | p. 223 |
| Computers in Higher Education | p. 224 |
| A Brief History of CAPSI | p. 224 |
| How CAPSI Utilizes Computer Capabilities | p. 225 |
| Information-Processing Capabilities | p. 226 |
| Data Storage Capabilities | p. 229 |
| Communications Capabilities | p. 229 |
| Refinements of CAPSI | p. 230 |
| Higher-Order Thinking | p. 230 |
| Incentives for Student Behavior | p. 234 |
| Plagiarism | p. 235 |
| Preventing Mastery-Criterion Circumvention | p. 235 |
| Training | p. 236 |
| Programming CAPSI | p. 237 |
| The Peer Review System at Work | p. 237 |
| Comparison with Traditional Courses | p. 241 |
| Comparison with Other Computer-Mediated Courses | p. 241 |
| Expanding on Technology | p. 242 |
| Research Studies on CAPSI | p. 242 |
| Significant Developments in Evidence-Based Education | |
| The Morningside Model of Generative Instruction: An Integration of Research-Based Practices | |
| About Morningside Academy | p. 247 |
| Current Work | p. 248 |
| Morningside Teachers' Academy | p. 249 |
| External Partnerships | p. 249 |
| Summer School Institute(SSI) | p. 249 |
| Morningside Technology Transfer | p. 249 |
| Philosophical and Empirical Underpinnings | p. 250 |
| Generativity and Contingency Adduction | p. 251 |
| A System of Instruction | p. 252 |
| Establishing Objectives and Analyzing Content | p. 252 |
| Content-Dependent Analysis | p. 253 |
| Content-Independent Analysis | p. 253 |
| Instructional Program Development | p. 254 |
| Critical Thinking and Self-Regulation | p. 259 |
| Self-Direction and Independence | p. 260 |
| Program Placement and Monitoring Based on Continuous Measurement of Performance | p. 261 |
| Classroom Management | p. 262 |
| Empirical Data Supporting Technology Transfer of the Morningside Model of Generative Instruction | p. 263 |
| Conclusion | p. 264 |
| Learning Efficiency Goes to College | |
| Introduction | p. 267 |
| What is Learning Efficiency? | p. 268 |
| Three Possible Causes of Poor Learning Efficiencies and Their Solutions | p. 269 |
| Case Study: Evaluating Learning Efficiencies in a CPSY 101 Course | p. 270 |
| What the Data Can Tell us about How to Improve Learning Efficiencies | p. 272 |
| Learning Efficiency Goes to College | p. 274 |
| Teaching the Generic Skills of Language and Cognition: Contributions from Relational Frame Theory | |
| Introduction | p. 277 |
| Relational Frame Theory | p. 279 |
| Defining Derived Relational Responding | p. 279 |
| Relational Framing | p. 281 |
| Research in Relational Frame Theory and its Implications for Education | p. 283 |
| Derived Transformations of Function in Accordance with Symmetry | p. 283 |
| Teaching Derived Manding | p. 284 |
| Establishing the Relational Frames of More-Than, Less-Than, and Opposite | p. 287 |
| Relational Responding and Perspective Taking | p. 290 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 292 |
| Key Instructional Components of Effective Peer Tutoring for Tutors, Tutees, and Peer Observers | |
| Introduction | p. 295 |
| Responding, Engagement, and an Effective Teacher Measure | p. 297 |
| New Experimental Analyses of Components of Effective Tutoring: Brief Reports of Five Studies | p. 301 |
| p. 301 | |
| (Experiments 1 and 2) | p. 308 |
| p. 314 | |
| p. 318 | |
| p. 323 | |
| General Discussion | p. 330 |
| Training Professionals Using Sequential Behavior Analysis | |
| History and Introduction | p. 335 |
| Technology | p. 337 |
| A Sequential Analysis Illustration | p. 338 |
| Providing a Database | p. 338 |
| Scientific Methods | p. 340 |
| Participants and Setting | p. 340 |
| Dependent Measures | p. 341 |
| Observation Protocol | p. 342 |
| Inter-Observer Agreement | p. 343 |
| Experimental Design | p. 343 |
| General Instructional Feedback Strategy Procedures | p. 344 |
| Treatment Implementation Training | p. 344 |
| Treatment Integrity | p. 346 |
| Study Results | p. 347 |
| IO and AIA Data | p. 347 |
| OO and AOA Data | p. 347 |
| Discrete Pupil Data | p. 351 |
| Social Validation Data | p. 354 |
| Implications for Education and Professional Training | p. 354 |
| A Future for Sequential Behavior Analysis | p. 357 |
| Grammar and Writing Skills: Applying Behavior Analysis | |
| Neglected Writing Skills | p. 361 |
| Methods of Teaching Writing | p. 362 |
| Writing as a Performance | p. 364 |
| The Behavioral Paradigm | p. 364 |
| Behavioral Strategies | p. 365 |
| Shaping | p. 366 |
| Measurement | p. 366 |
| Short-Term Feedback | p. 366 |
| Long-Term Feedback | p. 367 |
| Discrimination Training | p. 367 |
| Competition Analysis | p. 370 |
| The Process of Writing | p. 371 |
| A Last Word | p. 373 |
| Index | p. 375 |
| Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780125060417
ISBN-10: 0125060416
Series: Educational Psychology
Published: 7th May 2004
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 408
Audience: Professional and Scholarly
Publisher: Academic Press
Country of Publication: US
Dimensions (cm): 22.86 x 15.88 x 2.54
Weight (kg): 0.68
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