Ethical Research

About the Contributors Abbreviations

1. Introduction: The Limits of Altruism - Ulf Schmidt, Dominique Sprumont, Andreas Frewer

Part 1: What Can We Know? History of Human Rights in Human Experimentation 2. The Declaration of Helsinki and the Foundations of Global Bioethics - Robert Baker 3. From Nuremberg to Helsinki: The Prosecution of Medical War Crimes at the Struthof Medical Trials, France 1952-4 - Christian Bonah, Florian Schmaltz 4. In the Absence of Alternatives: The Origins and Success of the Declaration of Helsinki, 1947-82 - Ulf Schmidt 5. Conflicts of Interest? The World Medical Association, Research Ethics, and Industry in the 1950s and 1960s - Andreas Frewer 6. Doctors and Research behind the "Nylon Curtain": Medical Ethics Debates and the Declaration of Helsinki in East Germany, 1961-89 - Schmidt, Markus Wahl 7. Secret Trials behind Walls: The Role of the State Security Service in East German Human Experiments, 1961-89 - Rainer Erices, Antje Gumz, Andreas Frewer

Part 2: How Should We Act? Reflecting about Theory and Practice of Research Ethics 8. Ideas of Human Rights in Human Experimentation - Ruth Macklin 9. Agreements and Disagreements about the Placebo Rule - Eugenijus Gefenas 10. Research Ethics Regulations: Rules versus Responsibilities - Dominique Sprumont 11. The Declaration of Helsinki and Transparency: When International Ethics Standards Face National Implementation Challenges - Trudo Lemmens, Gregory Ringkamp 12. Conflicts of Interest in Human Subject Research: Best Practices, International Standards, and Challenges in Implementing U.S. Regulations - Marc Rodwin 13. The Helsinki Declaration and the "American Stamp" - Jonathan Moreno

Part 3: What May We Hope for the Future? International Experiences and Challenges in Research Ethics 14. The Declaration of Helsinki: A European Perspective - Henriette D.C. Roscam Abbing 15. The Helsinki Declaration in Brazil: Research Ethics and the Right to Public Health - Dirceu Greco 16. The Helsinki Declaration in South Africa: Vulnerability in Health Research - Ames Dhai 17. The Helsinki Declaration in West and Central Africa: Case Studies - Odile Ouwe Missi Oukem, Godfrey B. Tangwa 18. The Helsinki Declaration in China: An Example of the Tension between International Guidelines and Native Cultural Values - Qiu Renzong, Xiaomei Zhai 19. The Future of Research Ethics - Johannes van Delden

Part 4: The Art of Compromise: Negotiating Change in Modern Research Ethics 20. The Declaration of Helsinki 1964-Witnesses, Observations and Participation - Juhana Idänpään-Heikkilä 21. Contextualizing the Declaration of Helsinki, 1964-2008 - John Williams 22. Reflections on the Revisions to the Declaration of Helsinki from 2000 to 2013 - Robert J. Levine 23. A New Declaration 50 Years On: Presenting the 2013 Revision Process - Urban Wiesing, Ramin Parsa-Parsi

Part 5: Conclusion and Outlook 24. Some Reflections on Research Ethics - Dominique Sprumont, Andreas Frewer, Ulf Schmidt

Appendix Draft and typed versions of the Declaration of Helsinki 1964 Index