Environmental Bioengineering

Cover13; -- Environmental Bioengineering13; -- Dedications13; -- Preface13; -- Contents13; -- Contributors13; -- Chapter 1 Treatment and Disposal of Biosolids -- 1 Wastewater Treatment and Biosolids Formation -- 2 Characteristics of Biosolids -- 2.1 Total Solids Content -- 2.2 Volatile Solids Content -- 2.3 pH -- 2.4 Organic Matter -- 2.5 Nutrients -- 3 Regulations Governing Agricultural Use of Biosolids -- 3.1 Standards for Pathogens -- 3.2 Pollutant Limits -- 4 Sludge Treatment Processes -- 4.1 Volume Reduction Processes -- 4.2 Stabilization Processes -- 4.3 Other Sludge Treatment Processes -- 5 Biosolids Use and Disposal -- 5.1 Land Application -- 5.2 Landfilling and Incineration -- Chapter 2 Ultrasound Pretreatment of Sludge for Anaerobic Digestion -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pretreatment of Sludge for Anaerobic Digestion -- 2.1 Anaerobic Digestion -- 2.2 Methods of Pretreatment -- 3 Fundamental of Ultrasound -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Acoustic Cavitation -- 3.3 Bubble Dynamics -- 4 Effects of Ultrasound -- 4.1 Chemical Effects -- 4.2 Biological Effects -- 5 Industrial Ultrasound Applications -- 5.1 Process Parameters -- 5.2 Industrial Applications -- 6 Ultrasonication for Environmental Engineering Applications -- 6.1 Ultrasonication on Wastewater Treatment -- 6.2 Ultrasonication on Anaerobic Digestion -- Chapter 3 Solubilization of Sewage Sludge to Improve Anaerobic Digestion -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Optimum Operating Conditions of Experimental Apparatus -- 2.1 Experimental Apparatus and Methods -- 2.2 Optimum Operating Conditions of Experimental Apparatus -- 2.3 Results and Discussion -- 3 Biodegradation of the Sludge Treated by Solubilization Process -- 3.1 Anaerobic Biodegradation -- 3.2 Aerobic Biodegradation -- 3.3 Batch Test on Anaerobic Biodegradation of Digested Sludge Treated After Solubilization -- 4 Comparison With Other Methods of Sludge Solubilization -- 4.1 Comparison of Ultrasonic Method and High-Speed Rotary Disk Process Method -- 4.2 Comparison of Pressure Exploded Process and High-Speed Rotary Disk Process -- Chapter 4 Applications of Composted Solid Wastes for Farmland Amendment and Nutrient Balance in Soils -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemical Elements in Composted Solids and Composts-Amended Soil -- 2.1 Sampling, Pretreatment, and Analysis of Composts and Soil -- 2.2 Macronutrient Elements (P, K, Ca, Mg) in Composted Solid Wastes and Compost-amended Soil -- 2.3 Micronutrient Elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) in Composted Solid Wastes and Composts-amended Soil -- 2.4 Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb) in Composted Solid Wastes and Composts-Amended Soil -- 2.5 Organic Matter and Moisture Content in Composts and Unpolluted Soil -- 3 Farmland Applications of Composted Solid Wastes for Nutrient Balance -- 3.1 Principle of Nutrient Balance in Soil -- 3.2 Evaluation of the Compost Application in Farmland -- 4 Summary -- Chapter 5 Biotreatment of Sludge and Reuse -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sewage Sludge -- 2.1 Sewage Sludge Generation -- 2.2 Health Impacts of Sludge Utilization -- 2.3 Regulatory Issues on Sludge Disposal -- 2.4 A Sustainable Approach for Sludge Disposal -- 3 Composting of Sludge -- 3.1 Historical Background of Composting -- 3.2 Composting Process -- 4 Types of Composting Systems -- 5 Factors Affecting Composting Process -- 5.1 Temperature -- 5.2 Time -- 5.3.