| Dedication | p. v |
| Preface | p. xi |
| Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
| Thermodynamic Considerations | p. 1 |
| The Ideal Otto Cycle | p. 1 |
| Efficiencies | p. 5 |
| Air Cycle Efficiency | p. 5 |
| Real Gas Efficiency | p. 6 |
| Indicated Efficiency | p. 6 |
| A More Realistic Cycle | p. 7 |
| Time Loss | p. 8 |
| Heat Loss | p. 9 |
| Exhaust Blowdown Loss | p. 9 |
| Other Losses | p. 9 |
| Knocking | p. 12 |
| Mean Effective Pressures | p. 15 |
| A Word on Units | p. 15 |
| Brake Mean Effective Pressure | p. 16 |
| Indicated Mean Effective Pressure | p. 17 |
| Piston Speed | p. 17 |
| Specific Power | p. 18 |
| Stroke/Bore Ratio | p. 19 |
| Power Equation | p. 24 |
| Influence on Design | p. 26 |
| Bmep Again | p. 27 |
| Some More Thermodynamics | p. 29 |
| Turbulence and Flow in the Cylinder | p. 29 |
| Heat Transfer | p. 30 |
| Chemical Reaction | p. 30 |
| STANJAN, ESPJAN and ESP | p. 31 |
| Heating Values and Enthalpy | p. 31 |
| Problems | p. 31 |
| Breathing Exercises | p. 33 |
| Introduction | p. 33 |
| Flow Through the Inlet Valve | p. 33 |
| The Discharge Coefficient | p. 35 |
| The Flow Coefficient | p. 37 |
| The Mach Index and Volumetric Efficiency | p. 38 |
| Partial Throttle | p. 41 |
| The XK Engine | p. 42 |
| Combustion Chamber Shape | p. 44 |
| Valve Actuation | p. 48 |
| Valve Timing | p. 54 |
| Variable Valve Timing | p. 59 |
| Manifold Tuning | p. 66 |
| Introduction | p. 66 |
| Helmholtz Resonators | p. 66 |
| Organ Pipes | p. 70 |
| What Does ESP Do? | p. 76 |
| The Exhaust System | p. 77 |
| Folding the Manifold | p. 78 |
| Supercharging/Turbocharging | p. 80 |
| Introduction | p. 80 |
| Characteristics of Super/Turbochargers | p. 82 |
| Thermodynamic Considerations | p. 85 |
| Turbines | p. 87 |
| Knock | p. 87 |
| Intercoolers | p. 89 |
| Problems | p. 92 |
| Engine Cooling | p. 95 |
| Introduction | p. 95 |
| Valve Seat Recession | p. 97 |
| Heat Transfer in the Cylinder | p. 100 |
| Conduction in the Solid | p. 100 |
| Heat Transfer in the Gas | p. 101 |
| Variation of Part Temperature | p. 103 |
| Turbulent Velocities | p. 104 |
| Conclusions Regarding Temperatures | p. 106 |
| Overall Heat Transfer | p. 106 |
| The Exhaust Valve | p. 111 |
| Ceramic Coatings | p. 114 |
| Problems | p. 116 |
| Engine Friction Losses | p. 118 |
| Lubrication | p. 118 |
| Total Engine Friction | p. 119 |
| Attribution of Friction Losses | p. 122 |
| Hydrodynamic Lubrication | p. 125 |
| Mechanical Efficiency | p. 127 |
| Inertial Loading | p. 129 |
| The Piston Ring | p. 130 |
| Problems | p. 132 |
| Flow in the Cylinder | p. 134 |
| Introduction | p. 134 |
| Phases of the Flow | p. 136 |
| Averaging | p. 137 |
| A Word About Turbulence | p. 142 |
| Turbulence Induced by the Inlet Jet | p. 145 |
| Inducing Swirl and Tumble | p. 148 |
| Lift Strategies | p. 153 |
| Port and Valve Configurations | p. 153 |
| Effect of Compression | p. 155 |
| Effect on Swirl and Tumble | p. 155 |
| Effect on Turbulence | p. 158 |
| Charge Stratification | p. 161 |
| Squish | p. 163 |
| Pollution | p. 163 |
| Atmospheric Chemistry | p. 168 |
| Chemistry in the Cylinder | p. 168 |
| Lean Burn | p. 170 |
| Honda VTEC-E 1.5 L SOHC 16 Valve Four-in-Line | p. 172 |
| Toyota Carina 4A-ELU 1.6 L DOHC 16 Valve Four-in-Line | p. 172 |
| Mitsubishi Mirage 4G15MPI-MVV 1.5 L SOHC 12 Valve Four-in-Line | p. 172 |
| Mazda Surround Combustion 2.0 L DOHC 16 Valve Four-in-Line | p. 173 |
| Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines | p. 174 |
| Mitsubishi GDI Engine | p. 181 |
| Toyota GDI Engine | p. 181 |
| Problems | p. 181 |
| Overall Engine Performance | p. 185 |
| Introduction | p. 185 |
| Carburetion vs. Injection | p. 185 |
| Fuel Injection | p. 186 |
| Mixing and Evaporation | p. 186 |
| Droplet Size | p. 187 |
| Puddling | p. 188 |
| Transient Response | p. 189 |
| Brake Specific Fuel Consumption | p. 189 |
| Power and Torque Curves | p. 191 |
| Problems | p. 193 |
| Design Considerations | p. 194 |
| Introduction | p. 194 |
| Similarity Considerations | p. 194 |
| Inertial Stress | p. 196 |
| Valve Speed | p. 197 |
| The MIT Engines | p. 199 |
| Balance and Vibration | p. 201 |
| The In-Line Four | p. 203 |
| The Forces | p. 203 |
| Moments | p. 204 |
| Balance Shafts | p. 205 |
| The Five Cylinder In-Line | p. 205 |
| Problems | p. 208 |
| The Stanford Esp | p. 210 |
| Introduction | p. 210 |
| Outline of the Model | p. 211 |
| Model Details | p. 213 |
| Gas Properties | p. 213 |
| Analysis of the Compression Stages | p. 213 |
| Ignition Analysis | p. 214 |
| Analysis of the Burn Stage | p. 215 |
| Analysis of the Expansion Stage | p. 218 |
| Analysis of the Gas Exchange Stage | p. 218 |
| Turbulence Model | p. 221 |
| ESP Manifold Analysis | p. 222 |
| Overview | p. 222 |
| Unsteady One-Dimensional Compressible Flow | p. 223 |
| The Method of Characteristics | p. 226 |
| Inlet Manifold Model | p. 232 |
| Exhaust Manifold Model | p. 233 |
| ESP Calculations | p. 234 |
| Program Status | p. 235 |
| Bibliography | p. 237 |
| Index | p. 243 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
