Engineering the User Interface

Creativity Support Tools: A Grand Challenge for HCI Researchers ...1 1 Introduction...1 2 Theory of Creativity ...2 3 Creative Processes ...2 4 Principles of Design for Creativity Support Tools ...4 5 Creativity and Cognition 2007 Conference ...5 6 U. S. National Science Foundation Efforts...6 7 Near-term Outcomes...7 References...8 Integrating Learning Processes Across Boundaries of Media, Time and Group Scale ...11 1 Introduction: Starting Point and First Orientation ...12 2 Media Integration in the Classroom ...13 3 Process Integration and Explicit Learning Process Modelling.16 4 "Learning-Design by Example"...17 5 Learning Objects and Learning Communities...20 6 Extending the Notion of "Communication through Artefacts" to Asynchronous Settings ... 21 7 The COLDEX Project... 22 8 Challenge-based Learning ... 24 9 Contextualised Indexing and Retrieval... 25 10 Summary and Perspectives ... 26 References... 27 Optimal Cost Haptic Devices for Driving Simulators... 29 1 Introduction... 29 2 Haptic Devices... 31 3 Control Board ... 30 4 System Architecture... 32 5 Force Contact Models... 33 5.1 Normal Force Model... 33 5.2 Tangential Force Models ... 34 5.2.1 Non-Conservative Tangent Force Models ... 34 5.2.2 Conservative tangential force model... 34 5.3 Force Model to Render the Behaviour of Haptic Devices 35 6 Experimental Results ... 36 7 Conclusions... 38 Acknowledgments... 39 References... 39 Interference of Auditory Information with Haptic Perception of Stiffness in Virtual Reality... 41 1 Introduction... 41 2 Method... 43 2.1 Subjects ... 43 2.2 Material ... 44 2.3 Procedure ... 44 3 Results... 46 4 Discussion... 49 5 Conclusion ... 50 Acknowledgments... 51 References... 51 Towards Implicit Interaction in Ambient Intelligence through Information Mosaic Roles... 53 1 Introduction...53 2 Towards Implicit Interaction ...54 3 Pervasive Display Systems ...55 4 Interaction and Information Visualization Services ...56 4.1 ViMos, our Information Visualization Service...56 4.2 Architecture and Implementation ...57 4.3 Information Mosaics Roles & Interaction...58 5 Conclusions...61 Acknowledgments...62 References...62 Towards the Achievement of Natural Interaction...63 1 Introduction...63 2 The Cognitive Approach...64 3 Dialogue Model Role within Natural Interaction Systems...67 4 Intentional Management and the Threads Model ...68 4.1 Dialogue Manager Architecture...68 4.2 Intentional Processing in the Threads Model...69 4.3 The Threads Model Components...72 5 Knowledge on Circumstances: the Situation Model ...73 5.1 Spatio-Temporal Database Paradigm ...73 5.2 Situation Modeling proposal...75 6 System Implementation ...76 7 Conclusions...79 References...79 Science Learning in Blind Children through Audio-Based Games ...81 1 Introduction...81 2 Learning through games and simulations ...82 2.1 The AudioLink software ...83 2.2 Representing the environment ...85 3 Methodology...88 4 Usability Evaluation ...89 5 Scenario and Sample...90 6 Instruments ...90 7 Procedure ...91 8 Results...92 8.1 Cognitive Evaluation ... 94 9 Conclusions and Future Work ... 94 References... 95 Towards the Introduction of Accessibility Resources in Public Telecentres... 97 1 Introduction... 98 1.1 Contribution and Plan of the Chapter ... 98 2 The Telecentres Network and the Omnia Project... 99 2.1 The Omnia Project ... 99 2.2 Telecentres Network and the NODAT Project ... 101 3 Accessible Telecentres: the Accessible Computer Project... 102 3.1 Some Previous Work in Spain ... 102 3.2 Our Philosophy ... 103 3.3 Assistive Technology Used... 103 3.4 HCI Measures ... 104 3.4.1 Pointer control performance analysis... 104 4 Our Experience ... 105 4.1 Disability Profiles ... 106 4.1.1 Impaired Vision... 106 4.1.2 Motor Problems... 106 4.2 Preliminary Experimental Results ... 107 5 Conclusions... 109 Disclaimer and Acknowledgments... 109 References... 109 Access Control Model for Collaborative Business Processes .. 111 1 Introduction... 111 2 Related Works ... 113 2.1 DAC - Discretionary Access Control Model ... 113 2.2 MAC - Mandatory Access Control Model... 114 2.3 RBAC - Role Based Access Control... 114 2.4 TBAC - Task Based Access Control ... 116 3 Organization Model ... 117 4 An Architectural Proposal to Manage the Access Control... 119 4.1 Web Service Authorization... 121 4.2 Web Service Task Manager ... 122 4.3 Web Service Session... 123 5 Conclusions and Future Work ...125 Acknowledgments...125 References...125 An Ontology to Model Collaborative Organizational Structures in CSCW Systems...127 1 Introduction...127 2 Related Works ...128 3 The Ontology: Why and How...130 4 An Ontology to Describe Organizational Structures and Interactions among Collaborators within a CSCW Environment ...131 4.1 Organizational Items: Collaborators ...132 4.2 Organizational Relationships ...133 4.3 Objectives ...134 4.4 Tasks ...135 5 Organizational Structures Metamodel ...137 6 Conclusions...138 References...139 Semantic Web Query Authoring for End-Users...141 1 Introduction...141 2 Related Work ...142 2.1 Information Retrieval...143 2.2 Knowledge Building ...143 3 A Visual Language for Querying and Authoring Ontologies.145 3.1 Elements of the Visual Language ...145 3.2 Interaction ...148 4 System Architecture...150 5 Conclusions...153 Acknowledgments...154 References...154 A Methodological Approach for Building Multimodal Acted Affective Databases ...157 1 Introduction...157 2 Related Work ...158 3 RekEmozio Database...159 3.1 Database Description ...159 3.1.1 Scope ...162 3.1.2 Naturalness... 163 3.1.3 Context ... 165 3.1.4 Descriptors ... 165 3.1.5 Accessibility... 165 3.2 Recording Procedure... 166 3.2.1 Environment... 166 3.2.2 Tools... 166 3.2.3 Procedure... 167 3.3 Outcome... 169 4 An Application of RekEmozio Database for Automatic Emotion Recognition in Speech ... 170 5 Conclusions and Future Work ... 171 Acknowledgments... 171 References... 171 Audiovisual Analysis and Synthesis for Multimodal Human-Computer Interfaces ... 175 1 Introduction... 175 2 Audiovisual HCI Front Ends ... 176 2.1 Audiovisual Synthesis ... 177 2.2 Joint Audiovisual Synthesis ... 177 3 Extracting Audiovisual Bases... 178 3.1 Extracting AV bases by PCA ... 179 3.2 Extracting AV bases by NMF ... 180 4 Audiovisual Synthesis upon the Extracted Bases... 182 5 Experiments ... 183 5.1 Audio Parameterization ... 183 5.2 Illustration of the Audiovisual Bases... 184 5.3 Objective Evaluation of Audiovisual Resynthesis... 184 5.4 Subjective Evaluation of Audiovisual Resynthesis ... 185 6 Conclusions... 187 Acknowledgments... 188 References... 188 Creation and Evaluation of a Virtual and Collaborative Playground ... 191 1 Introduction... 191 1.1 Related work ... 192 1.2 Experiment goals ...192 1.3 Road map ...193 2 Environment Model ...193 2.1 Basic Elements...193 2.2 Users and Actions ...194 2.3 Object Views...195 2.3.1 The Appearance view...195 2.3.2 The Interaction views...195 3 Application of the Model to CVRPrismaker ...196 3.1 Users and Actions ...197 3.2 Object Views...197 3.3 Architecture Overview...198 4 Data-Sharing Mechanism ...199 4.1 Hardware Platforms Tested...199 5 Evaluation ...200 5.1 Task Design ...200 5.2 Participants...201 5.3 Experiment Procedure...201 5.4 Results and Analysis ...201 6 Conclusions and Future Work ...204 Acknowledgments...205 References...205 Presentation Adaptation: Results from a Case Study...207 1 Introduction...207 2 About the Iconographic Programme...208 3 Related Work ...209 4 Description of our Work...209 4.1 First Test ...210 How we did the test:...210 Results of the first test:...212 4.2 Second Test...215 How we did the test:...215 Results of the second test ...216 5 Conclusions and Future Work ...217 References...218 Improving a Zoom+Pan Interface with Overview+Detail or Focus+Context Features: A Comparative Evaluation ... 221 1 Introduction... 221 2 Description of the Interfaces... 222 2.1 The Zoom+Pan Interface with Overview+Detail Features223 2.2 The Zoom+Pan Interface with Focus+Context Features 224 2.2.1 Analysis of F+c Techniques Based on the Requirements of our Domain ... 224 2.2.2 Description of R-Zoom ... 225 3 Description of the Evaluation ... 227 3.1 Apparatus ... 227 3.2 Participants... 228 3.3 Method, Procedure and Experimental Design ... 228 4 Results... 229 4.1 Verifying Quality of Data ... 230 4.2 Effectiveness in Target Acquisition... 231 4.3 Efficiency in Target Acquisition... 232 4.4 User's Satisfaction... 234 5 Conclusions... 235 Acknowledgments... 236 References... 236 aCaSo: A Card Sorting Management & Analysis Tool ... 239 1 Introduction... 239 1.1 The Aragonese Laboratory of Usability... 240 1.2 The group of applications WebA... 241 2 The Technique of Card Sorting ... 241 2.1 Methods of Data Analysis... 242 2.1.1 Methods based on Clustering ... 243 2.1.2 Scaling methods or multidimensional scaling (MDS)244 2.1.3 Other methods for Data Analysis... 245 3 The Application aCaSo (application for Card Sorting) ... 245 3.1 Types of aCaSo Users... 246 3.2 Steps to be Carried out for the Realization of a Session. 246 4 Validation of the Analysis Methods ... 251 5 A Real Case of Study... 252 6 Conclusions and Future Work ... 252 Acknowledgments... 253 References...253 Intelligent User Interfaces: Past, Present and Future...255 1 Introduction...255 2 The Different Facets of a User Interface ...256 3 Intelligent User Interfaces...258 3.1 Intelligent User Interfaces Goals ...259 3.2 Intelligent User Interface Development...260 4 Envisioning the Future: Current Challenges...262 5 Conclusions...263 Acknowledgments...263 References...263