Engineering in Emergencies : A Practical Guide for Relief Workers

A Practical Guide for Relief Workers

By: Jan Davis (Editor), Robert Lambert (Editor)

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Paperback | 1 January 2002 | Edition Number 2

At a Glance

Paperback
738 Pages

Edition Type
Revised

Dimensions(cm)
23.2 x 15.7 x 4.4

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$91.29

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Engineering in Emergencies is a hugely successful practical handbook for all relief workers involved in giving humanitarian assistance. It provides the information needed to implement an effective engineering response in the aftermath of an emergency. The second edition of Engineering in Emergencies maintains the practical content of the first edition but has been revised and updated to reflect developments in humanitarian relief in recent years. The combination of 'hard' topics, such as water and sanitation, and 'soft' topics, such as managerial skills and personal effectiveness, has been retained from the original edition and the book expanded to include two new chapters on security and telecommunications. The new second edition will be available both as a book and as a handy CD-ROM, especially designed to be light and easily portable for relief workers in the field. Engineering in Emergencies is developed in collaboration with the agency RedR - Engineers for Disaster Relief, based in Westminster.

Industry Reviews

Praise for the first edition:
"This is an outstanding book and a major landmark in its field."--John G. Evans

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Society & Culture Social Issues & Processes Social Impact of Disasters / Accidents (Natural or Man-Made)Engineering & Technology Technology in General Engineering in General Mechanical Engineering & Materials Social Services & Welfare Social Welfare & Social Services Aid & Relief Programmes Reference, Information & Interdisciplinary Subjects

Encyclopaedias & Reference Works Interdisciplinary Studies Development Studies Business & Management Economics Development Economics & Emerging Economies

Introduction	p. xv
Emergencies	p. 1
An overview of disasters and emergencies	p. 1
Disasters and emergencies	p. 1
Relief and development	p. 2
The people in emergencies	p. 3
Directly and indirectly affected people	p. 3
Refugees and displaced people	p. 4
Power relations and vulnerability	p. 6
Humanitarian principles and standards	p. 9
The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement--fundamental principles	p. 9
Red Cross and Red Crescent/NGO Code of Conduct	p. 10
InterAction's PVO standards	p. 10
Humanitarian Accountability Project	p. 11
The Sphere Project	p. 11
The Geneva Conventions and Protocols	p. 12
The humanitarian relief system	p. 13
Sources of relief	p. 13
Government agencies and co-ordination mechanisms	p. 13
Co-ordination mechanisms	p. 13
Donors	p. 15
The United Nations system	p. 16
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement	p. 19
NGOs (non-governmental organizations)	p. 20
The private sector and research institutions	p. 22
Private sector	p. 22
Specialist institutions	p. 22
Military organizations	p. 22
Personal effectiveness	p. 25
Who will be effective?	p. 25
Personal planning	p. 26
Before your assignment	p. 27
During your assignment	p. 35
After your assignment	p. 37
Personal health care	p. 38
Stress	p. 41
Working with different cultures	p. 45
Cultural awareness	p. 46
Culture shock	p. 46
Issues of conscience	p. 48
Publicity and the media	p. 48
Personal security	p. 50
Situation awareness	p. 50
Security strategies	p. 52
Acceptance	p. 52
Protection	p. 53
Deterrence	p. 54
Security procedures	p. 55
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)	p. 55
Contingencies	p. 56
Self-management, teamwork and preparedness	p. 57
Self-management	p. 57
Teamwork	p. 58
Preparation	p. 58
Assessment and planning	p. 59
Assessment	p. 59
Needs and resources	p. 59
The assessment process	p. 61
Writing an assessment report	p. 63
Planning in emergencies	p. 64
Planning framework	p. 64
Principles and guidelines	p. 67
Planning bar charts	p. 70
Techniques for the collection and analysis of information	p. 72
Interviewing	p. 73
Brainstorming	p. 73
Direct observation	p. 73
Participatory mapping	p. 75
Ranking	p. 75
Questionnaire surveys	p. 77
Refugee profiles, context, activities and resources	p. 78
Management	p. 82
Management functions, styles and structures	p. 82
Functions of management	p. 82
Management styles	p. 83
Management structures	p. 83
Professionalism	p. 84
Managing people	p. 86
Self-management	p. 86
Recruitment	p. 86
Motivation	p. 87
Working with a large labour force	p. 88
Working with host and displaced communities	p. 90
Working with colleagues	p. 91
Working with contractors	p. 92
Information and communication	p. 95
Information and record keeping	p. 95
Communication	p. 96
Meetings	p. 97
Negotiation and conflict resolution	p. 98
Negotiation	p. 98
Conflict resolution	p. 100
Office practice	p. 101
Filing system	p. 101
Office procedures	p. 102
Financial management	p. 103
Budgeting	p. 103
Budget codes	p. 103
Monitoring	p. 104
Regular accounting	p. 105
Security of cash	p. 106
Training	p. 106
Organizing training	p. 106
Training yourself	p. 108
Logistics	p. 109
Overview of a logistics system	p. 109
Procurement	p. 111
Specifying	p. 111
Ordering	p. 111
Purchasing	p. 112
Supply and transport	p. 114
Freight	p. 114
Transport	p. 115
Specialist items	p. 118
Documentation	p. 119
Waybills and Bills of Lading	p. 119
Customs: import and export documentation	p. 121
Receiving, storing and issuing goods	p. 122
Stores management	p. 122
Storage of specialist items	p. 125
Goods handling equipment	p. 126
Telecommunications	p. 128
Introduction	p. 128
Safety first	p. 129
Frequency, wavelength and physical effects	p. 130
Radio equipment selection	p. 131
VHF (Very High Frequency) radio	p. 132
HF (High Frequency) radio	p. 132
Antennas	p. 134
Satellite communications	p. 134
Radio operation	p. 135
Legal issues	p. 137
Environmental health	p. 138
Introduction	p. 138
The health of a disaster-affected population	p. 138
Environmental health controls	p. 141
Establishing an environmental health programme	p. 141
Cholera control	p. 148
Hygiene promotion	p. 152
Environmental sanitation	p. 155
Excreta disposal--assessment and planning	p. 155
A strategy for action	p. 155
Factors to consider	p. 157
Excreta--immediate actions	p. 159
Control of indiscriminate defecation	p. 159
Defecation fields	p. 161
Medium-term measures for excreta disposal	p. 163
General guidelines for latrines	p. 163
Communal latrines	p. 167
Pit latrines	p. 170
Improvements to existing latrines	p. 170
Borehole latrines	p. 170
Simple pit latrines	p. 171
Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines	p. 171
Disposal of sullage and runoff	p. 173
Sullage	p. 173
Rainfall runoff	p. 178
Refuse disposal	p. 179
Sources and types of refuse	p. 179
Refuse collection	p. 179
Refuse disposal methods	p. 180
Hospital wastes	p. 180
Disposal of the dead	p. 182
Cultural practices and needs	p. 182
Burial	p. 183
Insects and rodents	p. 183
Insect control	p. 183
Rodent control	p. 189
Emergency water supply	p. 193
Assessment	p. 193
Assessment approach	p. 193
Contamination of water sources	p. 195
Immediate actions	p. 196
Medium- to long-term actions	p. 199
The medium term	p. 199
The longer term	p. 199
Levels of service and local water supplies	p. 199
Water quantity and quality	p. 200
How much water do people need?	p. 200
Drinking water quality	p. 201
Water tankering	p. 203
Is tankering necessary and viable?	p. 203
Organizing tankering	p. 203
Water distribution with tankers	p. 207
Water source development	p. 211
Water source assessment	p. 211
Surface water	p. 214
Assessment of surface water sources	p. 214
Abstraction from surface water sources	p. 214
Small dams	p. 218
Sand-storage and sub-surface dams	p. 224
Groundwater	p. 226
Groundwater basics	p. 226
Springs	p. 229
Wells: location and construction	p. 236
Dug wells	p. 243
Hand drilled and jetted wells	p. 254
Machine drilled boreholes	p. 257
Rainwater	p. 283
Roof collection	p. 285
Ground catchments	p. 286
Water storage, treatment and distribution	p. 288
Assessment and planning	p. 288
Planning strategy	p. 288
Stages in a water supply system	p. 289
Assessment of treatment and storage requirements	p. 291
Operation of a water supply system	p. 293
Water storage	p. 294
Principal considerations	p. 294
Rigid and flexible emergency tanks	p. 295
Ground tanks	p. 297
Water storage packs	p. 301
Ferrocement water tanks	p. 303
Improvised water towers	p. 306
Domestic water storage	p. 306
Tank repairs	p. 306
Water tanks in freezing conditions	p. 311
Water treatment	p. 314
Pre-treatment	p. 314
Filtration	p. 329
Disinfection	p. 336
Chemical dosing equipment	p. 341
Packaged water treatment plant	p. 342
Desalination	p. 344
Water transmission and distribution	p. 344
Pipes	p. 344
Valves and tapstands	p. 355
Pipeline design	p. 357
Pumps	p. 377
Pump types and applications	p. 377
Pumping head, discharge and power	p. 377
Pump ratings, head and suction lift	p. 377
Pump power and efficiency	p. 380
Pump classification and characteristics	p. 381
Centrifugal pumps	p. 382
General	p. 382
Surface mounted centrifugal pump	p. 385
Electric submersible centrifugal pump	p. 390
Positive displacement pumps	p. 395
Helical rotor pumps	p. 395
Installation and operation	p. 395
Lifting water by hand	p. 400
Selection and operation of pumps	p. 407
General guidelines on pump installation and maintenance	p. 407
Selecting and specifying pumps	p. 411
Mechanical plant	p. 413
Assessment and planning	p. 413
Selection of equipment	p. 413
Operation and maintenance	p. 414
Internal combustion (IC) engines	p. 416
Maintenance of internal combustion engines	p. 416
Petrol engines	p. 420
Diesel engines	p. 423
Compressed air plant	p. 432
Compressors	p. 432
Compressed air plant for construction work	p. 433
Grinding mills	p. 435
Belt and shaft drives	p. 435
Electrical plant	p. 438
Simple electrical systems	p. 438
A typical electrical installation	p. 438
Safety	p. 439
Some basic electrical principles	p. 440
Electrical power generation	p. 440
Cabling configurations	p. 443
Electrical power and power factor	p. 444
Generators	p. 444
Basic types	p. 444
Sizing and specifying generators	p. 445
Installation of generators	p. 446
Solar power	p. 450
Cables	p. 451
Electrical protection	p. 453
Circuit protection	p. 453
Protection of electrical enclosures	p. 457
Induction motors	p. 458
Sizing motors	p. 458
Induction motor starters	p. 459
Operating electric motor driven pumps	p. 463
Vehicles	p. 468
Vehicle selection and specification	p. 468
Sources of vehicles	p. 468
Vehicle selection	p. 468
Vehicle specification	p. 469
Trucks	p. 471
Tyres	p. 473
Vehicle management	p. 474
Vehicle administration	p. 475
Drivers	p. 475
Safety and accident procedures	p. 477
Fuel and lubricants	p. 478
Vehicle workshops	p. 482
Workshop requirements	p. 482
Workshop staff	p. 483
Spares and stores	p. 489
Servicing and maintenance	p. 490
Driving techniques and vehicle recovery	p. 492
Driving techniques	p. 492
Vehicle recovery	p. 495
Roads, crossings and airstrips	p. 498
Introduction	p. 498
Planning improved access	p. 498
Choice and design of road	p. 499
Assessing existing roads and crossings	p. 501
Inspection and inventory	p. 501
Local capacity	p. 501
Bridge assessment	p. 503
Design and construction of unpaved roads	p. 506
First considerations	p. 506
Planning road construction	p. 509
Route selection and clearance	p. 512
Drainage and erosion control	p. 513
Road building materials	p. 519
Earthworks	p. 520
Road repair and maintenance	p. 521
Crossings	p. 525
Choice of crossing	p. 525
Culverts	p. 527
Fords and drifts	p. 528
Small emergency timber bridges	p. 532
Prefabricated modular bridges	p. 536
Floating bridges and causeways	p. 538
Aerial ropeways	p. 541
Airstrips	p. 543
General	p. 543
Temporary airstrip assessment and preparation	p. 544
Shelter and built infrastructure	p. 546
Shelter in emergencies	p. 546
Shelter options	p. 546
Blankets and clothing	p. 549
Family shelter	p. 550
Built infrastructure	p. 558
Storage requirements	p. 558
Types of storage facilities	p. 560
Hospitals, health and feeding centres	p. 565
Building construction	p. 565
Materials	p. 565
Concrete	p. 569
Brick, block and mud walls	p. 576
Mortar and plaster	p. 579
Timber	p. 580
Building details	p. 580
Damage assessment and building survey	p. 587
Damage assessment	p. 587
Notes on materials	p. 589
Temporary settlements	p. 593
Introduction	p. 593
Preparedness planning	p. 593
Self-settlement	p. 593
Moving people	p. 594
Site selection	p. 595
Selection process	p. 595
Site selection criteria and weightings	p. 598
Ranking sites	p. 600
Temporary settlement planning	p. 600
Key principles	p. 601
The settlement planning process	p. 602
Settlement layout and services	p. 605
Settlement management	p. 612
Appendices
Acronyms and abbreviations	p. 614
Web sites	p. 616
Sphere minimum standards	p. 618
Situation report	p. 625
Contract documentation	p. 626
Water well construction contract guidelines	p. 630
Employment contract and job description	p. 635
Sanitary survey checklists	p. 637
Discharge measurements and estimates	p. 640
Aquifer properties and well hydraulics	p. 646
Hand augers	p. 648
Compressed air tool package for open well construction	p. 650
Pipe and hose specifications	p. 650
Pipe and hose fittings	p. 654
Valves	p. 659
Water flow in pipes--head loss data	p. 664
Gabions and mattresses	p. 666
Anchorages	p. 669
Sheers and gyns	p. 671
Soil classification, identification and testing	p. 673
Temporary support of excavations	p. 679
Beam calculations	p. 680
Basic engineering surveying and setting out	p. 682
Food and nutrition	p. 693
Unit conversion tables	p. 695
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Engineering in Emergencies : A Practical Guide for Relief Workers

A Practical Guide for Relief Workers

At a Glance

Paperback

Industry Reviews

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

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