Electronic Spatial Sensing for the Blind

Review Section.- Historical Overview.- A Review of Mobility Aids and Means of Assessment.- Technologies of Spatial Sensing.- On Mobility Aids for the Blind.- Computer Vision Requirements in Blind Mobility Aids.- Computer Vision for the Blind.- Sensory Aids to Spatial Perception for Blind Persons: Their Design and Evaluation.- Physical Principles Underlying Blind Guidance Prostheses with an Emphasis on the Ultrasonic Exploration of a Region of Space.- Comment: Three New Blind Guidance Prostheses and What they Teach Us.- Microprocessor Techniques Applied to Ultrasonic Pulse/Echo Travel Aids for the Blind.- Tactile Vision Substitution: Some Instrumentation and Perceptual Considerations.- Studies of the Use of Spatial Sensors.- Evaluating Mobility Aids: An Evolving Methodology.- Training the Use of Artificial Spatial Displays.- Sensory Substitution of Vision by Audition.- Sonar Sensory Aid and Blind Children's Spatial Cognition.- Spatial Awareness Training of Blind Children Using the Trisensor.- Sensory Substitution in Blind Children and Neonates.- Use of Sonar Sensors with Human Infants.- Developmental Brain Research, Deprivation, and Sensory Aids.- Comment: Animal Models of Plasticity and Sensory Substitution.- Rehabilitation Issues.- Vision Prosthesis and Aids: Readiness or Appropriateness.- Technology and the Blind Person: Corridors of Insensitivity.- Perceptual and Cognitive Considerations.- On Replacement and Problem Solving Potentials of Spatial Aids for the Blind.- Implications of Perceptual Theory for the Development of Non-Visual Travel Aids for the Visually Impaired.- Amodal Information and Transmodal Perception.- Understanding Perceived Spatial Layout of Scenes: A Prerequisite for Prostheses for Blind Travelers.- The Cognitive Foundations of Mobility.- Comment: Issues in Travel Aid Design.- Comment: Machine Visual Guidance for the Blind.- Mobility and Orientation Processes of the Blind.- Final Commentary.