Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xxi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Emerging Technologies That Use Advanced Electromagnetics 4
1.3 Wireless Mobile Communication Systems 9
1.4 Modern Pedagogy in Advanced Electromagnetics 26
1.5 Design Project: Wireless Energy Harvester 27
1.6 Conclusion 30
1.7 Questions 30
2 Vector Analyses 33
2.1 Introduction 34
2.2 Vector Analysis 35
2.3 Vector Operators: Gradient, Divergence and Curl 56
2.4 Divergence Theorem 62
2.5 Stokes' Theorem 64
2.6 Two Vector Null Identities 66
2.6.1 Remarks 66
2.7 Chapter Summary 67
2.8 Problems 69
Part I Historical Perspective 73
3 Electromagnetism 75
3.1 Introduction to Electromagnetism 75
3.2 Historical Perspective of Electromagnetic Theory 79
3.3 Time-varying/Dynamic Electromagnetics Field 81
3.4 Discussion of Advanced Electromagnetic Theory 88
3.5 Problems 93
4 Electrostatics 99
4.1 Detailed Revision of Electromagnetic Fundamentals 99
4.2 Electric Field Intensity 104
4.3 Gauss' Law 119
4.4 Electrostatic Current and Ohm's Law 122
4.5 Electric Energy and Joule's Law 127
4.6 Boundary Value Problem and Electrostatic Boundary Conditions 130
4.7 Electrostatic Potential Energy 134
4.8 Summary of Electrostatic Theory 137
4.9 Problems 138
5 Magnetostatics 149
5.1 Magnetostatic 149
5.2 Magnetic Flux Density 154
5.3 Ampere’s Circuital Law 156
5.4 Magnetic Vector Potential 163
5.5 Boundary Conditions of Magnetic Fields 174
5.6 Boundary Conditions for Tangential Components of H 177
5.7 Magnetic Energy and Inductance 180
5.8 Mutual Inductance 186
5.9 Duality Between Electric and Magnetic Circuit Quantities 190
5.10 Summary of Chapter 190
5.11 Problems 192
6 Time-varying Electromagnetics 197
6.1 Introduction 198
6.2 The Dawn of Time-varying Electromagnetic Field 204
6.3 Maxwell’s Current Continuity Equation 209
6.4 Relaxation Time and Conductivity of Conductor 211
.5 Displacement Current 212
6.6 Example of Displacement Current 215
6.7 Maxwell's Equations 217
6.8 Boundary Conditions in Static Electromagnetic Fields 220
6.9 Boundary Conditions of Time-varying Electromagnetic Fields 222
6.10 Non-homogenous Wave Equation for Potential Functions 226
6.11 Retarded Potentials 228
6.12 Homogenous Electromagnetic Wave Equations 229
6.13 Usefulness of Phasor Notation of Field Quantities 232
6.14 Electromagnetic Spectrum 235
6.15 Summary of Time-varying Electromagnetism 237
6.16 Chapter Summary 239
6.17 Problems 240
7 Uniform Plane Wave 245
7.1 Introduction to Uniform Plane Wave 246
7.2 Fundamental Concept of Wave Propagation 249
7.3 Plane Wave Concept 252
7.4 One-dimensional Wave Equation Concept 259
7.5 Wave Motion and Wave Front 262
7.6 Phase Velocity of UPW 263
7.7 Wave Impedance 267
7.8 Time Harmonic Field Wave Equations 269
7.9 Refractive Index of Medium and Dispersion 274
7.10 Time Harmonic Wave Solution 277
7.11 Polarisation of UPW 279
7.12 Poynting Theorem 282
7.13 Static Poynting Theorem 287
7.14 Energy Balance Equation in the Presence of a Generator: In-flux and Out-flow of Power 289
7.15 Time Harmonic Poynting Vector 290
7.16 Application: Doppler Radar 296
7.17 Summary of Chapter 298
7.18 Questions: UPW Propagation 300
Part II Boundary Value Problems 309
8 Reflection and Transmission of Uniform Plane Wave 311
8.1 Introduction 311
8.2 Electromagnetic Waves Analysis in the Context of Boundary Value Problems 316
8.3 Reflection and Refraction at Plane Surface 319
8.4 Normal Incidence at Dielectric Boundary 321
8.5 Concept of Standing Waves 335
8.6 Problems 351
9 Propagation in Emerging and Advanced Materials 361
9.1 Introduction 362
9.2 Applications 364
9.3 Normal Incidence on Imperfect Media 367
9.4 Applications of Normal Incidences on Lossy Dielectric Boundary 377
9.5 Oblique Incidence in Lossy Medium 386
9.6 Emerging Applications AEM in Precision Agriculture 406
9.7 Summary of Chapter 417
9.8 Problems 418
10 Electromagnetic Passive Guiding Devices 423
10.1 Introduction 425
10.2 Various Transmission Lines 427
10.3 Transmission Line Theory 430
10.4 Calculations of Distributive Parameters of Transmission Lines 449
10.5 Loaded Transmission Line 460
10.6 Smith Chart 485
10.7 Conclusion 505
11 Electromagnetic Testing Method 507
11.1 Basic Principles 508
11.2 History of Electromagnetic Testing 509
11.3 Who Conducted ET Method? 512
11.4 Standard for ET Method 514
11.5 Type of Standard 517
11.6 Types of ET 520
12 Simulation Tools and Artificial Intelligence 537
12.1 Summary 537
12.2 Key Applications of AI in EM Simulation 537
12.3 History of Artificial Intelligence 539
12.4 Functions of AI 539
12.5 Antenna Design and Optimisation 541
12.6 Electromagnetic Simulation and Modelling 546
12.7 Electromagnetic Interference and Electromagnetic Compatibility 548
12.8 Wireless Communication 551
12.9 Non-destructive Testing 559
12.10 Radar and Imaging Systems 560
13 Radio Frequency Sources and Interference 565
13.1 Introduction 565
13.2 Fundamentals of RF Sources 566
13.3 Types of RF Sources 569
13.4 Design and Operation of RF Sources 572
13.5 Introduction to EMI/EMC 574
13.6 Sources of EMI 576
13.7 Effects of EMI 578
13.8 EMC Design Principles 579
13.9 Testing and Measurement for EMI/EMC 581
13.10 Case Studies and Applications 583
13.11 Future Trends and Technologies 583
13.12 Conclusion 584
14 Deep Space Communications and Positioning 589
14.1 Introduction 589
14.2 The History of NASA's DSN 590
14.3 The DSN Functional Description 591
14.4 Advanced Techniques in Deep Space Navigation 594
14.5 Telemetry Operations in the DSN 597
14.6 DSN Capabilities and Innovations 600
14.7 Data Types and Handling in the DSN 605
14.8 The Role of the DSN in the Apollo Program 609
References 610
Index 615
