| Preface | p. xi |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Concepts and Properties | p. 7 |
| Introductory remarks | p. 7 |
| General books and monographs | p. 8 |
| The interaction of radiation with matter | p. 9 |
| Maxwell's equations for time-varying fields | p. 9 |
| Solution of Maxwell's equations in a vacuum | p. 10 |
| Wave equations in free space | p. 13 |
| Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the medium | p. 15 |
| Definitions of material parameters | p. 15 |
| Maxwell's equations in the presence of matter | p. 17 |
| Wave equations in the medium | p. 19 |
| Optical constants | p. 21 |
| Refractive index | p. 21 |
| Impedance | p. 28 |
| Changes of electromagnetic radiation at the interface | p. 31 |
| Fresnel's formulas for reflection and transmission | p. 31 |
| Reflectivity and transmissivity by normal incidence | p. 34 |
| Reflectivity and transmissivity for oblique incidence | p. 38 |
| Surface impedance | p. 42 |
| Relationship between the surface impedance and the reflectivity | p. 44 |
| References | p. 45 |
| Further reading | p. 46 |
| General properties of the optical constants | p. 47 |
| Longitudinal and transverse responses | p. 47 |
| General considerations | p. 47 |
| Material parameters | p. 49 |
| Response to longitudinal fields | p. 52 |
| Response to transverse fields | p. 55 |
| The anisotropic medium: dielectric tensor | p. 55 |
| Kramers-Kronig relations and sum rules | p. 56 |
| Kramers-Kronig relations | p. 57 |
| Sum rules | p. 65 |
| References | p. 69 |
| Further reading | p. 70 |
| The medium: correlation and response functions | p. 71 |
| Current-current correlation functions and conductivity | p. 72 |
| Transverse conductivity: the response to the vector potential | p. 73 |
| Longitudinal conductivity: the response to the scalar field | p. 78 |
| The semiclassical approach | p. 79 |
| Response function formalism and conductivity | p. 81 |
| Longitudinal response: the Lindhard function | p. 81 |
| Response function for the transverse conductivity | p. 87 |
| References | p. 91 |
| Further reading | p. 91 |
| Metals | p. 92 |
| The Drude and the Sommerfeld models | p. 93 |
| The relaxation time approximation | p. 93 |
| Optical properties of the Drude model | p. 95 |
| Derivation of the Drude expression from the Kubo formula | p. 105 |
| Boltzmann's transport theory | p. 106 |
| Liouville's theorem and the Boltzmann equation | p. 107 |
| The q = 0 limit | p. 110 |
| Small q limit | p. 110 |
| The Chambers formula | p. 112 |
| Anomalous skin effect | p. 113 |
| Transverse response for arbitrary q values | p. 115 |
| Longitudinal response | p. 120 |
| Thomas-Fermi approximation: the static limit for q [ k[subscript F] | p. 120 |
| Solution of the Boltzmann equation: the small q limit | p. 122 |
| Response functions for arbitrary q values | p. 123 |
| Single-particle and collective excitations | p. 130 |
| Summary of the [omega] dependent and q dependent response | p. 132 |
| References | p. 133 |
| Further reading | p. 134 |
| Semiconductors | p. 136 |
| The Lorentz model | p. 137 |
| Electronic transitions | p. 137 |
| Optical properties of the Lorentz model | p. 141 |
| Direct transitions | p. 148 |
| General considerations on energy bands | p. 148 |
| Transition rate and energy absorption for direct transitions | p. 150 |
| Band structure effects and van Hove singularities | p. 153 |
| The dielectric constant below the bandgap | p. 154 |
| Absorption near to the band edge | p. 155 |
| Indirect and forbidden transitions | p. 159 |
| Indirect transitions | p. 159 |
| Forbidden transitions | p. 162 |
| Excitons and impurity states | p. 163 |
| Excitons | p. 163 |
| Impurity states in semiconductors | p. 165 |
| The response for large [omega] and large q | p. 169 |
| References | p. 171 |
| Further reading | p. 171 |
| Broken symmetry states of metals | p. 173 |
| Superconducting and density wave states | p. 173 |
| The response of the condensates | p. 179 |
| London equations | p. 180 |
| Equation of motion for incommensurate density waves | p. 181 |
| Coherence factors and transition probabilities | p. 182 |
| Coherence factors | p. 182 |
| Transition probabilities | p. 184 |
| The electrodynamics of the superconducting state | p. 186 |
| Clean and dirty limit superconductors, and the spectral weight | p. 187 |
| The electrodynamics for q [not equal] 0 | p. 188 |
| Optical properties of the superconducting state: the Mattis-Bardeen formalism | p. 190 |
| The electrodynamics of density waves | p. 196 |
| The optical properties of charge density waves: the Lee-Rice-Anderson formalism | p. 197 |
| Spin density waves | p. 198 |
| Clean and dirty density waves and the spectral weight | p. 199 |
| References | p. 202 |
| Further reading | p. 203 |
| Methods | p. 205 |
| Introductory remarks | p. 205 |
| General and monographs | p. 206 |
| Techniques: general considerations | p. 207 |
| Energy scales | p. 207 |
| Response to be explored | p. 208 |
| Sources | p. 210 |
| Detectors | p. 212 |
| Overview of relevant techniques | p. 214 |
| References | p. 215 |
| Further reading | p. 216 |
| Propagation and scattering of electromagnetic waves | p. 217 |
| Propagation of electromagnetic radiation | p. 218 |
| Circuit representation | p. 218 |
| Electromagnetic waves | p. 221 |
| Transmission line structures | p. 223 |
| Scattering at boundaries | p. 230 |
| Single bounce | p. 231 |
| Two interfaces | p. 233 |
| Resonant structures | p. 234 |
| Circuit representation | p. 236 |
| Resonant structure characteristics | p. 238 |
| Perturbation of resonant structures | p. 241 |
| References | p. 243 |
| Further reading | p. 243 |
| Spectroscopic principles | p. 245 |
| Frequency domain spectroscopy | p. 246 |
| Analysis | p. 246 |
| Methods | p. 247 |
| Time domain spectroscopy | p. 250 |
| Analysis | p. 251 |
| Methods | p. 253 |
| Fourier transform spectroscopy | p. 258 |
| Analysis | p. 260 |
| Methods | p. 264 |
| References | p. 267 |
| Further reading | p. 267 |
| Measurement configurations | p. 269 |
| Single-path methods | p. 270 |
| Radio frequency methods | p. 271 |
| Methods using transmission lines and waveguides | p. 273 |
| Free space: optical methods | p. 275 |
| Ellipsometry | p. 278 |
| Interferometric techniques | p. 281 |
| Radio frequency bridge methods | p. 281 |
| Transmission line bridge methods | p. 282 |
| Mach-Zehnder interferometer | p. 285 |
| Resonant techniques | p. 286 |
| Resonant circuits of discrete elements | p. 288 |
| Microstrip and stripline resonators | p. 288 |
| Enclosed cavities | p. 290 |
| Open resonators | p. 291 |
| References | p. 295 |
| Further reading | p. 297 |
| Experiments | p. 299 |
| Introductory remarks | p. 299 |
| General books and monographs | p. 300 |
| Metals | p. 301 |
| Simple metals | p. 301 |
| Comparison with the Drude-Sommerfeld model | p. 302 |
| The anomalous skin effect | p. 312 |
| Band structure and anisotropy effects | p. 316 |
| Effects of interactions and disorder | p. 319 |
| Impurity effects | p. 319 |
| Electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions | p. 321 |
| Strongly disordered metals | p. 329 |
| References | p. 336 |
| Further reading | p. 337 |
| Semiconductors | p. 339 |
| Band semiconductors | p. 339 |
| Single-particle direct transitions | p. 340 |
| Forbidden and indirect transitions | p. 353 |
| Excitons | p. 354 |
| Effects of interactions and disorder | p. 357 |
| Optical response of impurity states of semiconductors | p. 357 |
| Electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions | p. 361 |
| Amorphous semiconductors | p. 366 |
| References | p. 368 |
| Further reading | p. 370 |
| Broken symmetry states of metals | p. 371 |
| Superconductors | p. 371 |
| BCS superconductors | p. 372 |
| Non-BCS superconductors | p. 382 |
| Density waves | p. 387 |
| The collective mode | p. 387 |
| Single-particle excitations | p. 393 |
| Frequency and electric field dependent transport | p. 394 |
| References | p. 395 |
| Further reading | p. 396 |
| Appendices | p. 397 |
| Fourier and Laplace transformations | p. 399 |
| Medium of finite thickness | p. 406 |
| k - p perturbation theory | p. 421 |
| Sum rules | p. 423 |
| Non-local response | p. 429 |
| Dielectric response in reduced dimensions | p. 445 |
| Important constants and units | p. 461 |
| Index | p. 467 |
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