Preface xiii
Chapter 1. Process: Hot Workability 1
Isabel GUTIERREZ and Amaia IZA-MENDIA
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. As-cast microstructure 1
1.3. Microstructural evolution during hot working 4
1.4. Mechanical behavior under hot working 16
1.5. Static softening 28
1.6. Hot workability 31
1.7. Conclusions 39
1.8. Acknowledgments 39
1.9. References 39
Chapter 2. Corrosion Resistance Properties 47
Jacques CHARLES
2.1. Introduction 47
2.2. The duplex grades and pitting resistance equivalent numbers
48
2.3. Some fundamentals concerning stainless steel corrosion
resistance 50
2.4. The different forms of corrosion 60
2.5. Some complex corrosion behaviors encountered in industrial
applications 100
2.6. Conclusions 111
2.7. References 111
Chapter 3. Phase Transformation and Microstructure
115
Angelo Fernando PADILHA and Ronald Lesley PLAUT
3.1. Introduction 115
3.2. Phase diagrams and typical phases 117
3.3. Solidification 120
3.4. Austenite precipitation 121
3.5. Phase changes occurring below 1,000°C 123
3.6. Cold working and annealing 132
3.7. Final remarks 134
3.8. References 135
Chapter 4. Welding Processes, Microstructural Evolution and
Final Properties of Duplex and Superduplex Stainless Steels
141
Franco BONOLLO, Alberto TIZIANI and Paolo FERRO
4.1. Introduction 141
4.2. ?Ï-ferrite ?Ï?naustenite
transformation 142
4.3. Secondary and intermetallic phases precipitation during
welding processes 145
4.4. Welding processes for DSS and SDSS 147
4.5. Final remarks 155
4.6. References 155
Chapter 5. Thermal Embrittlement of Cast Duplex Stainless
Steels: Observations and Modeling 161
Andre PINEAU and Jacques BESSON
5.1. Introduction 161
5.2. Composition, elaboration, microstructure, and mechanical
properties 163
5.3. Thermal embrittlement of the ferrite phase in DSS 170
5.4. Materials investigated and embrittlement heat treatments
181
5.5. Damage and rupture 186
5.6. Scale effect and scatter 189
5.7. Modeling of rupture 192
5.8. Conclusion 201
5.9. References 201
Chapter 6. Low-Cycle Fatigue at Room Temperature
209
Iris ALVAREZ-ARMAS
6.1. Introduction 209
6.2. Cyclic hardening/softening process 210
6.3. Uniaxial cyclic plasticity in DSSs 219
6.4. Final remarks 236
6.5. Acknowledgments 237
6.6. References 237
Chapter 7. Multiaxial Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior at Room
Temperature 241
Suzanne DEGALLAIX-MOREUIL
7.1. Introduction 241
7.2. Multiaxial LCF ? introduction 242
7.3. Biaxial LCF of a DSS type 25-07 248
7.4. Conclusions 270
7.5. Acknowledgments 270
7.6. References 270
Chapter 8. Partition of Cyclic Plasticity in the
25Cr-7Ni-0.25N Duplex Stainless Steel Investigated by Atomic
Force Microscopy 275
Jean-Bernard VOGT, Daniel SALAZAR and Ingrid PRORIOL SERRE
8.1. Introduction 275
8.2. Material 277
8.3. Experimental procedure 278
8.4. Cyclic behavior at a low strain range 280
8.5. Cyclic behavior at a high strain range 289
8.6. Conclusions 300
8.7. References 300
Chapter 9. Macro- and Micromodeling of the Monotonic and
Cyclic Mechanical Behavior of a Forged DSS 303
Veronique AUBIN and Pierre EVRARD
9.1. Introduction 303
9.2. Macroscopic modeling of the mechanical behavior 304
9.3. Micromechanical modeling 318
9.4. General conclusion 332
9.5. References 334
Chapter 10. Low-Cycle Fatigue at Intermediate Temperatures
339
Alberto F. ARMAS
10.1. Introduction 339
10.2. Materials studied 342
10.3. UNS S32900 DSS 345
10.4. UNS S32750 SDSS 352
10.5. Temperature influence on the fatigue life 361
10.6. Final remarks 363
10.7. Acknowledgments 364
10.8. References 364
Chapter 11. Industrial Processing and Fatigue Response of
DSSs 367
Nuri AKDUT
11.1. Introduction 367
11.2. Morphological aspects 369
11.3. The role of morphological texture on the fatigue response
372
11.4. The role of nitrogen-content on the fatigue response of
DSSs 375
11.5. Cyclic plasticity and fatigue of nitrogen-alloyed DSSs
? effects of cyclic softening 383
11.6. Summary and conclusions 395
11.7. References 396
Chapter 12. Applications 403
Mats LILJAS and Fredrik SJOHOLM
12.1. Introduction 403
12.2. Historical review 404
12.3. Current (modern) DSS grades 408
12.4. Modern applications 409
12.5. Conclusions 422
12.6. References 422
Appendix 425
List of Authors 429
Index 433
