Distance Learning

1 Introduction.- History.- Methods.- Structure.- 2 A Didactic Model.- Knowledge versus Skills.- A Classification of Educational Objectives.- 3 An Analysis of Teaching Methods in Higher Education.- Teaching Method and Teaching Medium.- Didactically Treated and Original Learning Material.- Conclusion-Oriented and Paradigmatic Instruction.- Knowledge Gaps and Misrepresentations of Knowledge.- Lectures.- Self-Study.- Discussion Groups.- Practicals.- Conclusion.- 4 The Scope and Limitations of Written Instruction.- Direct or Vicarious Experience.- Disadvantages of Written Instruction.- Properties of Written Instruction of a Combined Positive and Negative Character.- Advantages of Written Instruction.- Differences between Texts.- The Combination of Text and Image.- Activating the Reader.- The Literacy of the Student.- Recapitulation: The Limitations of Written Instruction.- 5 The Scope and Limitations of Audiovisual Teaching Media.- A Simple Division.- Auditory Registration.- Visual Registration.- Some Special Applications of Audiovisual Media.- Conclusion.- 6 The Scope and Limitations of Computerized Instruction.- Computers in Education.- The Technology of Computers: First Round.- Computer-Assisted Instruction: Didactic Possibilities.- The Technology of Computers: Software.- Testing by Means of a Computer.- Instructional Remediation by Means of a Computer.- Conclusion.- 7 Learning and The Choice of Instructional Medium.- The Problem.- Solutions of the Open University.- Solutions for an Open University.- Distance Learning Possibilities for Traditional Institutions.- 8 The Cost of Distance Learning.- The Economic Perspective.- Which Costs Will Be Examined?.- Determining the Costs of Instruction: Method and Assumptions.- The Costs of Written Materials.- The Costs of Auditory Registrations.- The Costs of Visual Registration.- The Costs of Computer-Assisted Instruction.- The Costs of Face-to-Face Teaching.- The Costs of Testing and Feedback.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.