Digital Speech

Acknowledgements.

1 Introduction.

2 Coding Strategies and Standards.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Speech Coding Techniques.

2.3 Algorithm Objectives and Requirements.

2.4 Standard Speech Coders.

2.5 Summary.

Bibliography.

3 Sampling and Quantization.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Sampling.

3.3 Scalar Quantization.

3.4 Vector Quantization.

3.5 Summary.

Bibliography.

4 Speech Signal Analysis and Modelling.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Short-Time Spectral Analysis.

4.3 Linear Predictive Modelling of Speech Signals.

4.4 Pitch Prediction.

4.5 Summary.

Bibliography.

5 Efficient LPC QuantizationMethods.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Alternative Representation of LPC.

5.3 LPC to LSF Transformation.

5.4 LSF to LPC Transformation.

5.5 Properties of LSFs.

5.6 LSF Quantization.

5.7 Codebook Structures.

5.8 MSVQ Performance Analysis.

5.9 Inter-frame Correlation.

5.10 Improved LSF Estimation Through Anti-Aliasing Filtering.

5.11 Summary.

Bibliography.

6 Pitch Estimation and Voiced?Unvoiced Classification of Speech.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Pitch Estimation Methods.

6.3 Voiced?Unvoiced Classification.

6.4 Summary.

Bibliography.

7 Analysis by Synthesis LPC Coding.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Generalized AbS Coding.

7.3 Code-Excited Linear Predictive Coding.

7.4 Summary.

Bibliography.

8 Harmonic Speech Coding.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Sinusoidal Analysis and Synthesis.

8.3 Parameter Estimation.

8.4 Common Harmonic Coders.

8.5 Summary.

Bibliography.

9 Multimode Speech Coding.

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Design Challenges of a Hybrid Coder.

9.3 Summary of Hybrid Coders.

9.4 Synchronized Waveform-Matched Phase Model.

9.5 Hybrid Encoder.

9.6 Speech Classification.

9.7 Hybrid Decoder.

9.8 Performance Evaluation.

9.9 Quantization Issues of Hybrid Coder Parameters.

9.10 Variable Bit Rate Coding.

9.11 Acoustic Noise and Channel Error Performance.

9.12 Summary.

Bibliography.

10 Voice Activity Detection.

10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Standard VAD Methods.

10.3 Likelihood-Ratio-Based VAD.

10.4 Summary.

Bibliography.

11 Speech Enhancement.

11.1 Introduction.

11.2 Review of STSA-based Speech Enhancement.

11.3 Noise Adaptation.

11.4 Echo Cancellation.

11.5 Summary.

Bibliography.

Index.