Digital Modulation Techniques

By: Fuqin Xiong

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Hardcover | 31 January 2000

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From traditional techniques such as FSK, BPSK, QPSK and QAM to state-of-the-art techniques such as MSK, CPM and MHPM and more, this text covers the complete range of digital modulation methods. It discusses the historical background of digital modulation, and examines operation principles, symbol and bit error performance, and spectral characteristics. It also includes block diagrams and/or circuits of modulators, demodulators, carrier recovery, clock recovery and comparison with other schemes. In its comprehensive overview of digital modulation applications, it seeks to offer a practical understanding of conventional, fixed microwave terrestrial communications, mobile wireless, and mobile satellite communications.

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Preface	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
Digital Communication Systems	p. 1
Communication Channels	p. 4
Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel	p. 4
Bandlimited Channel	p. 6
Fading Channel	p. 7
Basic Modulation Methods	p. 7
Criteria of Choosing Modulation Schemes	p. 9
Power Efficiency	p. 10
Bandwidth Efficiency	p. 10
System Complexity	p. 11
Overview of Digital Modulation Schemes	p. 12
References	p. 15
Baseband Modulation (Line Codes)	p. 17
Differential Coding	p. 18
Description of Line Codes	p. 22
Nonreturn-to-Zero Codes	p. 25
Return-to-Zero Codes	p. 25
Pseudoternary Codes (including AMI)	p. 26
Biphase Codes (including Manchester)	p. 27
Delay Modulation (Miller Code)	p. 27
Power Spectral Density of Line Codes	p. 28
PSD of Nonreturn-to-Zero Codes	p. 30
PSD of Return-to-Zero Codes	p. 34
PSD of Pseudoternary Codes	p. 35
PSD of Biphase Codes	p. 37
PSD of Delay Modulation	p. 40
Bit Error Rate of Line Codes	p. 43
BER of Binary Codes	p. 44
BER of Pseudoternary Codes	p. 49
BER of Biphase Codes	p. 54
BER of Delay Modulation	p. 57
Substitution Line Codes	p. 57
Binary N-Zero Substitution Codes	p. 58
High Density Bipolar n Codes	p. 60
Block Line Codes	p. 62
Coded Mark Inversion Codes	p. 63
Differential Mode Inversion Codes	p. 69
mBnB Codes	p. 71
mB1C Codes	p. 74
DmB1M Codes	p. 76
PFmB(m+1)B Codes	p. 77
kBnT Codes	p. 78
Summary	p. 81
References	p. 83
Frequency Shift Keying	p. 87
Binary FSK	p. 87
Binary FSK Signal and Modulator	p. 87
Power Spectral Density	p. 92
Coherent Demodulation and Error Performance	p. 95
Noncoherent Demodulation and Error Performance	p. 98
M-ary FSK	p. 102
MFSK Signal and Power Spectral Density	p. 102
Modulator, Demodulator, and Error Performance	p. 104
Demodulation Using Discriminator	p. 115
Synchronization	p. 121
Summary	p. 121
References	p. 122
Phase Shift Keying	p. 123
Binary PSK	p. 123
Differential BPSK	p. 129
M-ary PSK	p. 136
PSD of MPSK	p. 146
Differential MPSK	p. 148
Quadrature PSK	p. 154
Differential QPSK	p. 160
Offset QPSK	p. 167
[pi]/4-QPSK	p. 170
Synchronization	p. 179
Carrier Recovery	p. 179
Clock Recovery	p. 183
Effects of Phase and Timing Error	p. 186
Summary	p. 187
Appendix 4A	p. 190
References	p. 192
Minimum Shift Keying and MSK-Type Modulations	p. 195
Description of MSK	p. 196
MSK Viewed as a Sinusoidal Weighted OQPSK	p. 196
MSK Viewed as a Special Case of CPFSK	p. 201
Power Spectrum and Bandwidth	p. 203
Power Spectral Density of MSK	p. 203
Bandwidth of MSK and Comparison with PSK	p. 204
Modulator	p. 207
Demodulator	p. 210
Synchronization	p. 214
Error Probability	p. 216
Serial MSK	p. 219
SMSK Description	p. 219
SMSK Modulator	p. 221
SMSK Demodulator	p. 223
Conversion and Matched Filter Implementation	p. 227
Synchronization of SMSK	p. 231
MSK-Type Modulation Schemes	p. 231
Sinusoidal Frequency Shift Keying	p. 236
Simon's Class of Symbol-Shaping Pulses	p. 240
Rabzel and Pathupathy's Symbol-Shaping Pulses	p. 247
Bazin's Class of Symbol-Shaping Pulses	p. 250
MSK-Type Signal's Spectral Main Lobe	p. 254
Summary	p. 256
References	p. 257
Continuous Phase Modulation	p. 259
Description of CPM	p. 260
Various Modulating Pulse Shapes	p. 261
Phase and State of the CPM Signal	p. 265
Phase Tree and Trellis, State Trellis	p. 269
Power Spectral Density	p. 272
Steps for Calculating PSDs for General CPM Signals	p. 274
Effects of Pulse Shape, Modulation Index, and A Priori Distribution	p. 276
PSD of CPFSK	p. 277
MLSD for CPM and Error Probability	p. 279
Error Probability and Euclidean Distance	p. 281
Comparison of Minimum Distances	p. 285
Modulator	p. 286
Quadrature Modulator	p. 286
Serial Modulator	p. 292
All-Digital Modulator	p. 295
Demodulator	p. 297
Optimum ML Coherent Demodulator	p. 297
Optimum ML Noncoherent Demodulator	p. 301
Viterbi Demodulator	p. 311
Reduced-Complexity Viterbi Demodulator	p. 317
Reduction of the Number of Filters for LREC CPM	p. 320
ML Block Detection of Noncoherent CPM	p. 325
MSK-Type Demodulator	p. 326
Differential and Discriminator Demodulator	p. 330
Other Types of Demodulators	p. 333
Synchronization	p. 337
MSK-Type Synchronizer	p. 337
Squaring Loop and Fourth-Power Loop Synchronizers	p. 340
Other Types of Synchronizer	p. 341
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying	p. 342
Summary	p. 346
References	p. 347
Multi-h Continuous Phase Modulation	p. 351
MHPM Signal, Phase Tree, and Trellis	p. 351
Power Spectral Density	p. 361
Distance Properties and Error Probability	p. 366
Modulator	p. 382
Demodulator and Synchronization	p. 382
A Simple ML Demodulator for Multi-h Binary CPFSK	p. 382
Joint Demodulation and Carrier Synchronization of Multi-h CPFSK	p. 388
Joint Carrier Phase Tracking and Data Detection of Multi-h CPFSK	p. 392
Joint Demodulation, Carrier Synchronization, and Symbol Synchronization of M-ary Multi-h CPFSK	p. 393
Synchronization of MHPM	p. 398
Improved MHPM Schemes	p. 399
MHPM with Asymmetrical Modulation Indexes	p. 400
Multi-T Realization of Multi-h Phase Codes	p. 401
Correlatively Encoded Multi-h Signaling Technique	p. 401
Nonlinear Multi-h CPFSK	p. 403
Summary	p. 403
Appendix 7A	p. 404
References	p. 408
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation	p. 411
M-ary Amplitude Modulation	p. 411
Power Spectral Density	p. 412
Optimum Detection and Error Probability	p. 414
Modulator and Demodulator for Bandpass MAM	p. 418
On-Off Keying	p. 421
QAM Signal Description	p. 422
QAM Constellations	p. 426
Square QAM	p. 429
Power Spectral Density	p. 432
Modulator	p. 434
Demodulator	p. 436
Error Probability	p. 438
Synchronization	p. 441
Differential Coding in QAM	p. 448
Summary	p. 454
Appendix 8A	p. 455
References	p. 457
Nonconstant-Envelope Bandwidth-Efficient Modulations	p. 459
Two-Symbol-Period Schemes and Optimum Demodulator	p. 460
Quasi-Bandlimited Modulation	p. 465
QORC, SQORC, and QOSRC	p. 471
IJF-OQPSK and TSI-OQPSK	p. 478
Superposed-QAM	p. 490
Quadrature Quadrature PSK	p. 498
Summary	p. 515
References	p. 515
Performance of Modulations in Fading Channels	p. 517
Fading Channel Characteristics	p. 518
Channel Characteristics	p. 518
Channel Classification	p. 521
Fading Envelope Distributions	p. 524
Digital Modulation in Slow, Flat Fading Channels	p. 527
Rayleigh Fading Channel	p. 527
Rician Fading Channel	p. 531
Digital Modulation in Frequency Selective Channels	p. 533
[pi]/4-DQPSK in Fading Channels	p. 544
MHPM in Fading Channels	p. 548
QAM in Fading Channels	p. 554
Square QAM	p. 555
Star QAM	p. 558
Remedial Measures Against Fading	p. 560
Summary	p. 563
References	p. 564
Power Spectral Densities of Signals	p. 567
Bandpass Signals and Spectra	p. 567
Bandpass Stationary Random Process and PSD	p. 569
Power Spectral Densities of Digital Signals	p. 572
Case 1: Data Symbols Are Uncorrelated	p. 574
Case 2: Data Symbols Are Correlated	p. 576
Power Spectral Densities of Digital Bandpass Signals	p. 577
Power Spectral Densities of CPM Signals	p. 580
References	p. 586
Detection of Signals	p. 589
Detection of Discrete Signals	p. 589
Binary Hypothesis Test	p. 589
Decision Criteria	p. 590
M Hypotheses	p. 594
Detection of Continuous Signals With Known Phases	p. 596
Detection of Binary Signals	p. 596
Decision of M-ary Signals	p. 608
Detection of Continuous Signals With Unknown Phases	p. 615
Receiver Structure	p. 615
Receiver Error Performance	p. 621
References	p. 625
Glossary	p. 627
About the author	p. 631
Index	p. 633
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Digital Modulation Techniques

At a Glance

Hardcover

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