Developments in Applied Earth Studies

1. Introduction: Liquids at rest.- Properties of fluids.- Statics.- Buoyancy.- Liquid-filled porous solids in static equilibrium.- Bulk density.- Pressure and stress.- Field confirmation of Terzaghi's relationship.- Dimensional analysis.- 2. Liquids in motion.- Bernoulli's theorem.- Pipe flow.- Dimensionless numbers.- Pressure.- Stoke's law.- Hydraulic equivalence.- Note on Poiseuille's experiments.- 3. Liquid flow through porous sands.- Henry Darcy's experiments.- The coefficient of permeability.- Tortuosity.- The limits of Darcy's law.- Upper limit of Darcy's law.- 4. The aquifer and fields of flow.- Fields of flow.- Producing water well.- Unconfined aquifers.- Natural sinks.- 5. Aquifers: Springs, rivers, and man-made drainage.- Water from the Danube to the Rhine.- Oceanic islands and coastal aquifers.- Arid regions: The qanat of Iran.- The Great Artesian Basin.- 6. Movement of pore water, and abnormally high pore pressures.- Compaction of sediment.- Compaction of sands.- Compaction of muds, clays, and 'shales'.- Pore pressures.- Other possible causes of or contributors to abnormally-high pore pressures.- Pore-water migration in sedimentary basins.- 7. Role of pore water in deformation of sedimentary basins.- Pre-orogenic deformation.- Growth structures.- Causes of growth structures.- Orogenic deformation.- Lubricated sliding.- 8. Pore water and sliding.- Gravitational sliding.- Unlubricated.- Lubricated sliding.- Effect of sea-level.- 9. Conclusion.- Faults and water movement.- Flow of two immiscible liquids in porous sediments.- Capillary pressure and surface tension.- Appendix. Review of commonly-quoted works on Darcy's lawDiscussion.- Discussion.- Conversions.- Postscript.- Author index.