
Designed to Fail
A History of Education in the United States
By: Ira David Socol, Scott McLeod (Foreword by)
Paperback | 24 March 2025
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288 Pages
22.9 x 15.2 x 1.54
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The history of American education is presented in a format that links the intentions of those who designed the system, that is, to fail 80 percent of students, and the practices schools have inherited from the past that deny opportunity to children today.
Industry Reviews
"Ira Socol's book is a call to all educational leaders, policymakers, and practitioners to engage in the critical, and often overlooked, task of asking 'why' our educational system operates the way it does. It is through understanding the 'why'-the historical, socio-political, and economic rationales behind our schooling practices-that we can truly begin to envision and enact the change we can't yet even imagine. By examining the roots of our educational beliefs and practices, Socol not only exposes the systemic challenges we face but also inspires us with the resilience and dedication of those working within these constraints. This book is an essential read for anyone committed to understanding the complexities of our educational system and seeking to make it more equitable, inclusive, and effective for all learners. Let us embrace the power of 'why' to fuel our journey forward."-Melissa Emler, Chief Learning Officer, Modern Learners
"Socol is unapologetic in the fight to build schools for kids, not adults. He pulls back the sheets on several long-held "best practices," which, if you know Socol, he would probably call "worst practices." Socol takes an honest look at our traditional education system and identifies the root cause of several systemic harms imposed on our children. He is not satisfied with tradition as an excuse for stagnation or oppression. Ira is only interested in what works for learning and, more importantly, how to set all kids up for success and get out of their way."-Ryan Cordia, Founding Principal, Northeast Career and Technical Academy, Las Vegas, Nevada
"I have known Ira Socol for many years and have long appreciated his keen intellect, deep knowledge of education history and policy, and most of all, his unwavering passion to make schooling work for all children. In "Designed to Fail," Socol offers a thoughtful yet unvarnished look at how the American education system came to be and why it continues to fall short for so many students. With righteous anger tempered by scholarly insight, he traces the troubling origins of many educational practices we take for granted, exposing how they were intentionally designed to limit opportunities for marginalized groups. What sets this book apart, however, is that Socol does not merely critique - he also charts a path forward. Drawing on his vast experience as an educator and reformer, he provides concrete ways that schools can be redesigned to truly serve all learners. While acknowledging the magnitude of change required, Socol's vision is ultimately one of hope. He understands the transformative power of education when done right, and this book is a powerful call to create schools worthy of our children. This book is essential reading for anyone who cares about the future of education in America."- Punya Mishra, Associate Dean of Scholarship & Innovation in the Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College at Arizona State University
Foreword by Scott McLeod........................................................................ 1
Introduction................................................................................................ 5
Prologue.................................................................................................... 11
Chapter One:
Why do we have the schools we have?..................................................... 19
Chapter Two: Why we believe our system is not just good but inevitable. How our schools became agents of nativist Calvinist capitalism with eugenics deeply ingrained............................... 37
Chapter Three: In a system designed to fail 80 percent of its students, only the amazing commitment of educators gets us to where we are today. Why are we so stuck?.............................. 63
Chapter Four: Revolution and Counter-Revolution: Those with Wealth and Power have No Incentive to Help Make Public Education Work.......................................................... 89
Chapter Five: How the Segregationists Triumphed in the 21st Century. The Destruction of Public Education Began with Some of the Best of Intentions and Some of the Worst....................................... 123
Chapter Six: A Bad 19th-Century Design is Threaded through Everything We Do. Cognition, Technology, and the Environment of School....................... 151
Chapter Seven: Systemic Anachronisms that Limit the Opportunities of Our Students... 165
Chapter Eight: Daily Anachronisms that Limit the Opportunities of Our Students..... 197
Chapter Nine: Can America Embrace its Children and Help Them Grow? ................. 217
An Afterword: These were never good ideas, and these were never good intentions.....249
From East Lansing, Michigan and Charlottesville, Virginia, 2011....... 263
Acknowledgments.................................................................................. 271
The Author.............................................................................................. 275
ISBN: 9798991470810
Published: 24th March 2025
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number of Pages: 288
Audience: Professional and Scholarly
Publisher: Appalachian Gateway Press
Dimensions (cm): 22.9 x 15.2 x 1.54
Weight (kg): 0.39
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