
Design Reliability
Fundamentals and Applications
By: B.S. Dhillon
Hardcover | 18 June 1999 | Edition Number 1
At a Glance
416 Pages
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| Introduction | |
| Reliability History | p. 1 |
| Need of Reliability in Product Design | p. 1 |
| Reliability in the Product Design Process | p. 2 |
| Reliability Specialized and Application Areas | p. 2 |
| Terms and Definitions | p. 3 |
| Reliability Information Sources | p. 4 |
| Military and Other Reliability Documents | p. 6 |
| Problems | p. 7 |
| References | p. 8 |
| Design Reliability Mathematics | |
| Introduction | p. 11 |
| Boolean Algebra Laws | p. 11 |
| Probability Properties | p. 13 |
| Useful Definitions | p. 14 |
| Definition of Probability | p. 14 |
| Cumulative Distribution Function | p. 14 |
| Probability Density Function | p. 15 |
| Reliability Function | p. 15 |
| Hazard Rate Function | p. 15 |
| Laplace Transform Definition | p. 16 |
| Laplace Transform: Final-Value Theorem | p. 17 |
| Expected Value | p. 17 |
| Probability Distributions | p. 18 |
| Binomial Distribution | p. 18 |
| Poisson Distribution | p. 18 |
| Exponential Distribution | p. 19 |
| Rayleigh Distribution | p. 19 |
| Weibull Distribution | p. 20 |
| General Distribution | p. 21 |
| Normal Distribution | p. 21 |
| Hazard Rate Models | p. 22 |
| Exponential Distribution | p. 22 |
| Rayleigh Distribution | p. 22 |
| Weibull Distribution | p. 23 |
| General Distribution | p. 23 |
| Normal Distribution | p. 23 |
| Partial Fraction Method and Equation Roots | p. 23 |
| Partial Fraction Method | p. 23 |
| Equation Roots | p. 25 |
| Differential Equations | p. 27 |
| Problems | p. 28 |
| References | p. 29 |
| Engineering Design and Reliability Management | |
| Introduction | p. 31 |
| Engineering Design | p. 32 |
| Design Failures and Their Common Reasons | p. 32 |
| The Design Process and Functions | p. 33 |
| The Design Team and Member Responsibilities | p. 34 |
| Design Reviews | p. 34 |
| Design Engineer and Design Review Board Chairman | p. 36 |
| Designing for Reliability and Design Reliability Check List Items | p. 36 |
| Design Liability | p. 38 |
| Reliability Management | p. 38 |
| General Management Reliability Program Related Responsibilities and Guiding Force Associated Facts for an Effective Reliability Program | p. 38 |
| Military Specification Guidelines for Developing Reliability Programs and a Procedure to Establish Reliability Goals | p. 39 |
| Reliability and Maintainability Management Tasks in the Product Life Cycle | p. 40 |
| Documents and Tools for Reliability Management | p. 42 |
| Reliability Auditing and Pitfalls in Reliability Program Management | p. 43 |
| Reliability and Maintainability Engineering Departments and Their Responsibilities | p. 44 |
| Reliability Manpower | p. 45 |
| Problems | p. 47 |
| References | p. 48 |
| Failure Data Collection and Analysis | |
| Introduction | p. 51 |
| Failure Data Uses | p. 51 |
| Failure Data Collection Soruces in Equipment Life Cycle and Quality Control Data | p. 52 |
| Failure Reporting and Documentation System Design Guidelines and Failure Data Collection Forms | p. 52 |
| External Failure Data Sources | p. 53 |
| Failure Data For Selective Items and Tasks | p. 55 |
| Hazard Plotting Method | p. 55 |
| Hazard Plotting Mathematical Theory | p. 56 |
| Underlying Distribution Determination Tests | p. 65 |
| Bartlett Test | p. 65 |
| General Exponential Test | p. 67 |
| Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test | p. 69 |
| Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method | p. 73 |
| Exponential Distribution | p. 74 |
| Normal Distribution | p. 75 |
| Weibull Distribution | p. 76 |
| Problems | p. 77 |
| References | p. 79 |
| Basic Reliability Evaluation and Allocation Techniques | |
| Introduction | p. 83 |
| Bathtub Hazard Rate Curve | p. 83 |
| General Reliability Analysis Related Formulas | p. 85 |
| Failure Density Function | p. 85 |
| Hazard Rate Function | p. 85 |
| General Reliability Function | p. 85 |
| Mean Time to Failure | p. 86 |
| Reliability Networks | p. 88 |
| Series Network | p. 88 |
| Parallel Network | p. 91 |
| r-out-of-n Network | p. 94 |
| Standby Redundancy | p. 95 |
| Bridge Network | p. 96 |
| Reliability Evaluation Methods | p. 98 |
| Network Reduction Approach | p. 98 |
| Decomposition Approach | p. 100 |
| Delta-Star Method | p. 102 |
| Parts Count Method | p. 104 |
| Markov Method | p. 106 |
| Reliability Allocation | p. 109 |
| Hybrid Method | p. 109 |
| Failure Rate Allocation Method | p. 110 |
| Problems | p. 113 |
| References | p. 114 |
| Failure Modes and Effect Analysis | |
| Introduction | p. 115 |
| Terms and Definitions | p. 115 |
| Types of FMEA and Their Associated Benefits | p. 116 |
| Design-Level FMEA | p. 116 |
| System-Level FMEA | p. 117 |
| Process-Level FMEA | p. 117 |
| Steps for Performing FMEA | p. 117 |
| Define System and Its Associated Requirements | p. 118 |
| Establish Ground Rules | p. 118 |
| Describe the System and Its Associated Functional Blocks | p. 119 |
| Identify Failure Modes and Their Associated Effects | p. 119 |
| Prepare Critical Items List | p. 119 |
| Document the Analysis | p. 119 |
| Criticality Assessment | p. 121 |
| RPN Technique | p. 121 |
| Military Standard Technique | p. 122 |
| FMECA Information Needs, Data Sources, and Users | p. 127 |
| FMEA Implementation Related Factors and General Guidelines | p. 127 |
| Advantages of FMEA | p. 128 |
| Problems | p. 128 |
| References | p. 128 |
| Fault Tree Analysis | |
| Introduction | p. 131 |
| FTA Purposes and Prerequisites | p. 131 |
| Fault Tree Symbols | p. 132 |
| Fundamental Approach to FTA | p. 133 |
| Boolean Algebra Rules | p. 133 |
| Analytical Developments of Basic Gates, Repeated Fault Events, and Minimal Cut Sets | p. 135 |
| Repeated Fault Events | p. 136 |
| Algorithm for Obtaining Minimal Cut Sets | p. 138 |
| Probability Evaluation of Fault Trees with Repairable and Nonrepairable Components | p. 140 |
| Probability Evaluation of Fault Trees with Non-Repairable Components | p. 142 |
| Probability Evaluation of Fault Trees with Repairable Components | p. 143 |
| Fault Tree Duality and FTA Approach Benefits and Drawbacks | p. 146 |
| Problems | p. 147 |
| References | p. 148 |
| Common Cause Failures and Three State Devices | |
| Introduction | p. 149 |
| Common Cause Failures | p. 150 |
| Block Diagram Method | p. 151 |
| Fault Tree Method | p. 156 |
| Markov Method | p. 158 |
| Three State Devices | p. 167 |
| Reliability Evaluation of a Series Network | p. 167 |
| Reliability Evaluation of a Parallel Network | p. 171 |
| Reliability Optimization of a Series Network | p. 173 |
| Reliability Optimization of a Parallel Network | p. 174 |
| Problems | p. 175 |
| References | p. 176 |
| Mechanical Reliability | |
| Introduction | p. 179 |
| Reasons for the Discpline of Mechanical Reliability and Mechanical Failure Modes | p. 179 |
| General and Gear Failure Causes | p. 182 |
| Safety Factor and Safety Margin | p. 183 |
| Safety Factor | p. 183 |
| Safety Margin | p. 185 |
| "Design by Reliability" Methodology and Stress-Strength Models | p. 186 |
| Mellin Transform Method | p. 193 |
| Failure Rate Models | p. 195 |
| Break System Failure Rate Model | p. 195 |
| Clutch System Failure Rate Model | p. 197 |
| Pump Failure Rate Model | p. 198 |
| Filter Failure Rate Model | p. 199 |
| Compressor System Failure Rate Model | p. 199 |
| Bearing Failure Rate Model | p. 200 |
| Failure Data Sources for Mechanical Parts | p. 201 |
| Optimum Models for Mechanical Equipment Replacement or Maintenance | p. 202 |
| Equipment Replacement Model | p. 202 |
| Equipment Maintenance Model | p. 203 |
| Problems | p. 205 |
| References | p. 205 |
| Human Reliability in Engineering Systems | |
| Introduction | p. 209 |
| Terms and Definitions | p. 209 |
| Human Error Occurrence Examples and Studies | p. 210 |
| Human Error Occurrence Classification and Its Types and Causes | p. 210 |
| Human Performance and Stress | p. 212 |
| Stress Factors and Operator Stress Characteristics | p. 213 |
| Human Performance Reliability in Continuous Time and Mean Time to Human Error (MTTHE) Measure | p. 214 |
| Human Reliability Evaluation Methods | p. 217 |
| Probability Tree Method | p. 218 |
| Fault Tree Method | p. 220 |
| Markov Method | p. 223 |
| Human Reliability Markov Modeling | p. 225 |
| Reliability Analysis of a System with Human Error | p. 225 |
| Reliability Analysis of a Human Performing a Time-Continuous Task Under Fluctuating Environment | p. 227 |
| Human Error Data | p. 230 |
| Specific Human Error Data Banks and Sources | p. 231 |
| Brief Description of Selected Human Error Data Banks | p. 232 |
| Human Error Data for Selective Tasks | p. 232 |
| Problems | p. 232 |
| References | p. 234 |
| Reliability Testing and Growth | |
| Introduction | p. 237 |
| Reliability Testing | p. 237 |
| Reliability Test Classifications | p. 238 |
| Success Testing | p. 238 |
| Confidence Interval Estimates for Mean Time Between Failures | p. 240 |
| Accelerated Life Testing | p. 245 |
| Reliability Growth | p. 249 |
| Reliability Growth Program | p. 249 |
| Reliability Growth Process Evaluation Approaches | p. 250 |
| Reliability Growth Models | p. 250 |
| Duane Model | p. 250 |
| Army Material System Analysis Activity (AMSAA) Model | p. 251 |
| Problems | p. 252 |
| References | p. 253 |
| Reliability in Computer Systems | |
| Introduction | p. 255 |
| Terms and Definitions | p. 255 |
| Hardware Reliability Vs. Software Reliability | p. 256 |
| Computer Failure Causes | p. 256 |
| Software Life Cycle Phases and Associated Error Sources | p. 258 |
| Software Reliability Improvement Methods | p. 259 |
| Reliable Software Design Methods | p. 259 |
| Fault-Tolerant Software Design Methods | p. 260 |
| Formal Methods | p. 261 |
| Testing | p. 261 |
| Software Reliability Assessment Methods | p. 262 |
| Analytical Approaches | p. 262 |
| Software Metrics | p. 263 |
| Software Reliability Models | p. 264 |
| Fault Masking | p. 272 |
| Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) | p. 272 |
| N-Modular Redundancy (NMR) | p. 280 |
| Problems | p. 280 |
| References | p. 281 |
| Robot Reliability and Safety | |
| Introduction | p. 285 |
| Robot Safety | p. 286 |
| Robot Accidents | p. 286 |
| Robot Hazards and Safety Problems | p. 287 |
| Safety Considerations in Robot Life Cycle | p. 288 |
| Robot Safeguard Approaches | p. 289 |
| Human Factor Issues in Robotic Safety | p. 290 |
| Robot Reliability | p. 292 |
| Causes and Classifications of Robot Failures | p. 292 |
| Robot Reliability Measures | p. 293 |
| Robot Reliability Analysis and Prediction Methods | p. 296 |
| Reliability and Availability Analyses of a Robot System Failing with Human Error | p. 296 |
| Reliability Analysis of a Repairable/Non-Repairable Robot System 300 | |
| Problems | p. 306 |
| References | p. 307 |
| Medical Device Reliability | |
| Introduction | p. 309 |
| Facts and Figures, Government Control and Liability | p. 309 |
| Medical Electronic Equipment Classification | p. 312 |
| Medical Device Recalls | p. 312 |
| Medical Device Design Quality Assurance | p. 313 |
| Organizations | p. 314 |
| Specifications | p. 314 |
| Design Review | p. 314 |
| Reliability Assessment | p. 315 |
| Parts/Materials Quality Control | p. 315 |
| Software Quality Control | p. 316 |
| Design Transfer | p. 316 |
| Labeling | p. 316 |
| Certification | p. 316 |
| Test Instrumentation | p. 317 |
| Manpower | p. 317 |
| Quality Monitoring Subsequent to the Design Phase | p. 317 |
| Human Error Occurrence and Related Human Factors | p. 317 |
| Control/Display Related Human Factors Guidelines | p. 318 |
| Medical Device Maintainability Related Human Factor Problems | p. 318 |
| Human Factor Pointers for Already Being Used/to be Purchased Medical Devices | p. 319 |
| Issues in Considering the Need for, and Performance of Human Factors Analysis and Testing of Medical Devices | p. 320 |
| Medical Device Software | p. 320 |
| Software Testing for Improving Medical Device Safety | p. 321 |
| Cardioplegia Delivery System Software Reliability Program Core Elements and Software Safety Improvement with Redundancy | p. 323 |
| Sources for Adverse Medical Device Reportable Events and Failure Investigation Documentation | p. 323 |
| A small Instrument Manufacturer's Approach to Produce Reliable and Safe Medical Devices | p. 324 |
| Aerospace and Medical Equipment Reliability and Reliability Approach Comparisons | p. 325 |
| Guidelines for Reliability and Other Professionals Associated with Health Care | p. 326 |
| Problems | p. 327 |
| References | p. 327 |
| Design Maintainability and Reliability Centered Maintenance | |
| Introduction | p. 331 |
| Design Maintainability: Maintainability Need and Relationship Between Reliability and Maintainability | p. 332 |
| Maintainability and Availability Analyses During Design and Development Phase and Maintainability Design Characteristics | p. 333 |
| Design Reviews | p. 335 |
| Maintainability Measures | p. 336 |
| Maintainability Design Guidelines and Common Maintainability Design Errors | p. 342 |
| Reliability Centered Maintenance | p. 342 |
| Traditional Maintenance, RCM, and Questions for Selecting Assets for RCM | p. 343 |
| RCM Process Related Maintenance Task Classification Areas and Steps | p. 343 |
| RCM Advantages | p. 346 |
| Reasons for the RCM Methodology Application Failures | p. 347 |
| Problems | p. 348 |
| References | p. 348 |
| Total Quality Management and Risk Assessment | |
| Introduction | p. 351 |
| TQM | p. 352 |
| Traditional Quality Assurance Vs. TQM | p. 352 |
| TQM Principles and Elements | p. 353 |
| TQM Contributors | p. 355 |
| TQM Methods | p. 356 |
| Designing for Quality and Goals for TQM Process Success | p. 361 |
| Deming's "Deadly Diseases" of American Management and Common Errors During the Starting Quality Initiative Phase | p. 362 |
| Risk Assessment | p. 363 |
| Risk Analysis Role and Required Expertise Areas | p. 363 |
| Risk Analysis Objectives in Hazardous System Life Cycle | p. 363 |
| Risk Analysis Process Steps | p. 364 |
| Risk Analysis Techniques for Engineering Systems | p. 366 |
| Advantages of Risk Analysis | p. 368 |
| Problems | p. 368 |
| References | p. 369 |
| Life Cycle Costing | |
| Introduction | p. 371 |
| Reasons and Uses of Life Cycle Costing and Required Inputs | p. 371 |
| Life Cycle Costing Steps and Activities | p. 372 |
| Skill Requirements Areas of a Life Cycle Costing Analyst and His/Her Associated Professionals | p. 373 |
| Life Cycle Costing Program Evaluation Areas and Life Cycle Cost Estimate Report | p. 374 |
| Time Dependent Formulas for Life Cycle Cost Analysis | p. 375 |
| Single Payment Compound Amount Formula | p. 375 |
| Single Payment Present Value Formula | p. 375 |
| Uniform Periodic Payment Present Value Formula | p. 376 |
| Uniform Periodic Payment Future Amount Formula | p. 377 |
| Life Cycle Cost Estimation Models | p. 378 |
| General Life Cycle Cost Estimation Models | p. 378 |
| Specific Life Cycle Cost Estimation Models | p. 380 |
| Cost Estimation Models | p. 385 |
| Cost-Capacity Model | p. 385 |
| Motor Operation Cost Estimation Model | p. 386 |
| Corrective Maintenance Labor Cost Estimation Model | p. 386 |
| Life Cycle Costing Data | p. 387 |
| Cost Data Sources | p. 387 |
| Life Cycle Costing Advantages and Disadvantages Resistance Factors and Associated Important Points | p. 388 |
| Problems | p. 388 |
| References | p. 389 |
| Index | p. 393 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780849314650
ISBN-10: 0849314658
Published: 18th June 1999
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 416
Audience: Professional and Scholarly
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd
Country of Publication: GB
Edition Number: 1
Dimensions (cm): 22.9 x 15.2 x 2.39
Weight (kg): 0.73
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