| Foreword | p. xi |
| Acknowledgement | p. xv |
| Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Process | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 3 |
| What is Data Mining? | p. 3 |
| How does Data Mining Differ from Other Approaches? | p. 5 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 6 |
| Exercises | p. 7 |
| The Knowledge Discovery Process | p. 9 |
| Introduction | p. 9 |
| What is the Knowledge Discovery Process? | p. 10 |
| Knowledge Discovery Process Models | p. 11 |
| Research Issues | p. 19 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 20 |
| Exercises | p. 24 |
| Data Understanding | p. 25 |
| Data | p. 27 |
| Introduction | p. 27 |
| Attributes, Data Sets, and Data Storage | p. 27 |
| Issues Concerning the Amount and Quality of Data | p. 37 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 44 |
| Exercises | p. 46 |
| Concepts of Learning, Classification, and Regression | p. 49 |
| Introductory Comments | p. 49 |
| Classification | p. 55 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 65 |
| Exercises | p. 66 |
| Knowledge Representation | p. 69 |
| Data Representation and their Categories: General Insights | p. 69 |
| Categories of Knowledge Representation | p. 71 |
| Granularity of Data and Knowledge Representation Schemes | p. 76 |
| Sets and Interval Analysis | p. 77 |
| Fuzzy Sets as Human-Centric Information Granules | p. 78 |
| Shadowed Sets | p. 82 |
| Rough Sets | p. 84 |
| Characterization of Knowledge Representation Schemes | p. 86 |
| Levels of Granularity and Perception Perspectives | p. 87 |
| The Concept of Granularity in Rules | p. 88 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 89 |
| Exercises | p. 90 |
| Data Preprocessing | p. 93 |
| Databases, Data Warehouses, and OLAP | p. 95 |
| Introduction | p. 95 |
| Database Management Systems and SQL | p. 95 |
| Data Warehouses | p. 106 |
| On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) | p. 116 |
| Data Warehouses and OLAP for Data Mining | p. 127 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 128 |
| Exercises | p. 130 |
| Feature Extraction and Selection Methods | p. 133 |
| Introduction | p. 133 |
| Feature Extraction | p. 133 |
| Feature Selection | p. 207 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 228 |
| Exercises | p. 230 |
| Discretization Methods | p. 235 |
| Why Discretize Data Attributes? | p. 235 |
| Unsupervised Discretization Algorithms | p. 237 |
| Supervised Discretization Algorithms | p. 237 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 253 |
| Exercises | p. 254 |
| Data Mining: Methods for Constructing Data Models | p. 255 |
| Unsupervised Learning: Clustering | p. 257 |
| From Data to Information Granules or Clusters | p. 257 |
| Categories of Clustering Algorithms | p. 258 |
| Similarity Measures | p. 258 |
| Hierarchical Clustering | p. 260 |
| Objective Function-Based Clustering | p. 263 |
| Grid - Based Clustering | p. 272 |
| Self-Organizing Feature Maps | p. 274 |
| Clustering and Vector Quantization | p. 279 |
| Cluster Validity | p. 280 |
| Random Sampling and Clustering as a Mechanism of Dealing with Large Datasets | p. 284 |
| Summary and Biographical Notes | p. 286 |
| Exercises | p. 287 |
| Unsupervised Learning: Association Rules | p. 289 |
| Introduction | p. 289 |
| Association Rules and Transactional Data | p. 290 |
| Mining Single Dimensional, Single-Level Boolean Association Rules | p. 295 |
| Mining Other Types of Association Rules | p. 301 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 304 |
| Exercises | p. 305 |
| Supervised Learning: Statistical Methods | p. 307 |
| Bayesian Methods | p. 307 |
| Regression | p. 346 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 375 |
| Exercises | p. 376 |
| Supervised Learning: Decision Trees, Rule Algorithms, and Their Hybrids | p. 381 |
| What is Inductive Machine Learning? | p. 381 |
| Decision Trees | p. 388 |
| Rule Algorithms | p. 393 |
| Hybrid Algorithms | p. 399 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 416 |
| Exercises | p. 416 |
| Supervised Learning: Neural Networks | p. 419 |
| Introduction | p. 419 |
| Biological Neurons and their Models | p. 420 |
| Learning Rules | p. 428 |
| Neural Network Topologies | p. 431 |
| Radial Basis Function Neural Networks | p. 431 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 449 |
| Exercises | p. 450 |
| Text Mining | p. 453 |
| Introduction | p. 453 |
| Information Retrieval Systems | p. 454 |
| Improving Information Retrieval Systems | p. 462 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 464 |
| Exercises | p. 465 |
| Data Models Assessment | p. 467 |
| Assessment of Data Models | p. 469 |
| Introduction | p. 469 |
| Models, their Selection, and their Assessment | p. 470 |
| Simple Split and Cross-Validation | p. 473 |
| Bootstrap | p. 474 |
| Occam's Razor Heuristic | p. 474 |
| Minimum Description Length Principle | p. 475 |
| Akaike's Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion | p. 476 |
| Sensitivity, Specificity, and ROC Analyses | p. 477 |
| Interestingness Criteria | p. 484 |
| Summary and Bibliographical Notes | p. 485 |
| Exercises | p. 486 |
| Data Security and Privacy Issues | p. 487 |
| Data Security, Privacy and Data Mining | p. 489 |
| Privacy in Data Mining | p. 489 |
| Privacy Versus Levels of Information Granularity | p. 490 |
| Distributed Data Mining | p. 491 |
| Collaborative Clustering | p. 492 |
| The Development of the Horizontal Model of Collaboration | p. 494 |
| Dealing with Different Levels of Granularity in the Collaboration Process | p. 498 |
| Summary and Biographical Notes | p. 499 |
| Exercises | p. 501 |
| Overview of Key Mathematical Concepts | p. 503 |
| Linear Algebra | p. 505 |
| Vectors | p. 505 |
| Matrices | p. 519 |
| Linear Transformation | p. 540 |
| Probability | p. 547 |
| Basic Concepts | p. 547 |
| Probability Laws | p. 548 |
| Probability Axioms | p. 549 |
| Defining Events With Set-Theoretic Operations | p. 549 |
| Conditional Probability | p. 551 |
| Multiplicative Rule of Probability | p. 552 |
| Random Variables | p. 553 |
| Probability Distribution | p. 555 |
| Lines and Planes in Space | p. 567 |
| Lines on Plane | p. 567 |
| Lines and Planes in a Space | p. 569 |
| Planes | p. 572 |
| Hyperplanes | p. 575 |
| Sets | p. 579 |
| Set Definition and Notations | p. 579 |
| Types of Sets | p. 581 |
| Set Relations | p. 585 |
| Set Operations | p. 587 |
| Set Algebra | p. 590 |
| Cartesian Product of Sets | p. 592 |
| Partition of a Nonempty Set | p. 596 |
| Index | p. 597 |
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