| List of Figures | p. ix |
| List of Tables | p. x |
| List of Abbreviations | p. xii |
| Acknowledgements | p. xiv |
| Foreword | p. xv |
| Foreword | p. xvi |
| List of Contributors | p. xvii |
| Overview | p. 1 |
| What to Expect from the WTO Negotiations | p. 19 |
| Now What? Searching for a Solution to the WTO Industrial Tariff Negotiations | p. 21 |
| Introduction | p. 21 |
| Existing protection | p. 21 |
| WTO negotiations: from Doha to Hong Kong | p. 25 |
| The scenarios | p. 26 |
| Tariff changes | p. 31 |
| Modelling trade policy | p. 34 |
| Simulation results | p. 38 |
| Implications and conclusions | p. 51 |
| Comment: the Effects of Tariff Liberalizations and Preference Erosion | p. 59 |
| Developing-country tariffs matter for LDC market access | p. 59 |
| Preferences and the benefits of NAMA negotiations for LDCs | p. 61 |
| Concluding comments | p. 64 |
| Adjustment Costs and Trade Liberalization | p. 66 |
| Introduction | p. 66 |
| Definition of adjustment costs | p. 66 |
| The rise in concern about structural adjustment costs | p. 68 |
| The nature of structural adjustment costs | p. 73 |
| Measuring structural adjustment costs | p. 74 |
| Policy implications | p. 76 |
| Concluding comments | p. 81 |
| Adjusting to Trade Reforms: Country Studies | p. 87 |
| Bangladesh | p. 89 |
| Introduction | p. 89 |
| Role of foreign trade | p. 89 |
| Reform and liberalization policies | p. 90 |
| Implications of the reforms and liberalization | p. 94 |
| Adjustment costs arising from trade agreements | p. 97 |
| Brazil | p. 101 |
| Introduction | p. 101 |
| Overview of the Brazilian economy | p. 101 |
| Trade liberalization | p. 103 |
| Economic impact of trade liberalization | p. 106 |
| Conclusions, policy lessons and implications of the Doha Negotiations | p. 109 |
| Bulgaria | p. 112 |
| Introduction and overview of the country | p. 112 |
| Trade liberalization and its economic impacts | p. 116 |
| Policy lessons and implications | p. 121 |
| India | p. 124 |
| Introduction | p. 124 |
| Overview of the trade and economic reforms | p. 124 |
| The development impact of trade liberalization | p. 129 |
| Possible effects on Indian industry of further trade liberalization under-NAMA | p. 134 |
| Conclusions | p. 136 |
| Jamaica | p. 140 |
| Introduction and overview of the country | p. 140 |
| Trade liberalization | p. 143 |
| Economic impact of trade liberalization | p. 148 |
| Development impact of trade liberalization | p. 151 |
| Policy lessons and implications | p. 153 |
| Malawi | p. 158 |
| Introduction | p. 158 |
| Trade liberalization and its impact | p. 160 |
| Policy lessons and implications | p. 168 |
| The Philippines | p. 171 |
| Introduction | p. 171 |
| The Philippines economy: overview and recent trends | p. 172 |
| Trade reforms and recent trends | p. 173 |
| Assessing the effects of freer trade policies | p. 178 |
| Transaction costs | p. 183 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 185 |
| Zambia | p. 188 |
| Introduction | p. 188 |
| Trade policy and reform | p. 189 |
| Effects of the reforms | p. 193 |
| Conclusions and policy lessons | p. 200 |
| Comment: the Process of Trade Liberalization in the Eight Countries | p. 203 |
| Introduction | p. 203 |
| Impact on economic and social development | p. 205 |
| Conclusions: what next? | p. 209 |
| Comment: Reflections on the Trade Reforms and Policy Implications | p. 218 |
| Introduction | p. 218 |
| Challenging the current view of the liberalization process | p. 218 |
| A better understanding of the liberalization process | p. 219 |
| Implications for growth and policy lessons | p. 221 |
| Special and differential treatment revisited | p. 223 |
| Trade liberalization and domestic reforms | p. 225 |
| Index | p. 227 |
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