Control Systems Engineer Technical Reference Handbook

PREFACE xiii
ABOUT THE AUTHOR xv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii
ACRONYMS xix
COMMON ELECTRICAL DEFINITIONS xxiii

1. CSE PE EXAM â" GENERAL INFORMATION 1

2. MISCELLANEOUS REVIEW MATERIAL 3
2.1 Mathematics 3
2.2 Thermodynamics 14
2.3 Statistics 22
2.4 Boolean Logic Operations 24
2.5 Conversion Factors 26
2.6 Equations/Laws/Formulas 29

3. MEASUREMENT 35
Topic Highlights 35
3.1 Temperature Measurement Sensors 35
3.2 Pressure Measurement Sensors 45
3.3 Volumetric Flow Measurement Sensors 49
3.4 Level Measurement Sensors 72
3.5 Analytical Measurement Sensors 86

4. SIGNALS, TRANSMISSION AND NETWORKING 107
4.1 Signals/Transmission 107
4.2 Networking 115
4.3 Circuit Calculations 134

5. FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS 149
5.1 Control Valves 149
5.2 Actuators 166
5.3 Control Valve Sizing 171
5.4 Pressure Regulators 175
5.5 Motors 181
5.6 Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) 205
5.7 Pressure Safety Devices 207
5.8 Relays/Switches 219

6. CONTROL SYSTEMS 223
6.1 Documentation 223
6.2 Control System - Controller Actions 231
6.3 Controller (Loop) Tuning 238
6.4 Function Block Diagram Reduction Algebra 246
6.5 Alarm Management 250
6.6 Types of Control System Programming 254
6.7 Batch Control 272
6.8 Advanced Control Techniques 279
6.9 Example Process Controls 281

7. ISA-95 285
7.1 ISA-95 Hierarchy Model 285
7.2 ISA-88 Physical Model As It Pertains to ISA-95 286
7.3 Levels 4â"3 Information Exchange 286

8. HAZARDOUS AREAS AND SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEMS 287
8.1 Hazardous Areas 287
8.2 Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) 299
8.3 Determining PFD (Probability of Failure on Demand) 302

9. CODES, STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS 307
9.1 Standards Listings 307
9.2 NEC 315
9.3 NEMA/IEC-IP Enclosure Classifications 328
9.4 NFPA 70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace: 330
9.5 Lightning Protection 336

10. SAMPLE PROBLEMS 341

11. SAMPLE PROBLEMS - SOLUTIONS 351

12. MISCELLANEOUS TABLES/INFORMATION 357
12.1 Viscosity Equivalency Nomograph 357
12.2 Copper Resistance Table (Table 12-1) 358
12.3 RTD Resistance Tables 359
12.4 Thermocouple milliVolt Tables 369
12.5 Instrument Air Quality 375
12.6 Thevenin & Norton Equivalencies 376

13. UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) 387
13.1 UPS Topologies 387
13.2 Inverter Technologies 388
13.3 Mechanical Flywheel 388

14. RECOMMENDED RESOURCES 391