| Introduction: Confronting the Reaper | p. 3 |
| The Reaper--Mysterious and Evil | p. 3 |
| The Structure of the Book | p. 5 |
| The Nature of Death | |
| The Search for Death Itself | p. 11 |
| The Problems of Death | p. 11 |
| Conceptual Analysis | p. 12 |
| Analysis of Death or Criterion for Death? | p. 14 |
| The Biological Concept of Death | p. 19 |
| Life as a Part of Death | p. 20 |
| Life-Functional Theories of Life | p. 22 |
| Life Itself | p. 22 |
| Some Preliminary Objections | p. 25 |
| Aristotle's Life-Functional Analysis of Life | p. 26 |
| Some Modern Life-Functional Analyses of Life | p. 31 |
| The Matthews Approach | p. 35 |
| Conclusion | p. 38 |
| Vitalist Theories of Life | p. 39 |
| Vitalism | p. 39 |
| The Empirical Problem | p. 42 |
| The Jonah Problem | p. 43 |
| The Failure of Analyticity | p. 45 |
| DNA-ism | p. 46 |
| Genetic Informationism | p. 51 |
| Problems for Genetic Informationism | p. 54 |
| The Enigma of Death | p. 56 |
| The Gift of Life | p. 56 |
| The Biological Concept of Death | p. 56 |
| Perrett's Analysis | p. 58 |
| The Standard Analysis | p. 60 |
| Puzzles About Suspended Animation | p. 60 |
| Problems Concerning Fission and Fusion | p. 66 |
| The Mystery of Death | p. 71 |
| On Dying as a Process | p. 72 |
| Two Senses of 'Dying,' | p. 72 |
| Some Preliminary Proposals | p. 73 |
| Smart's Analysis of Dying2 | p. 77 |
| Problems for Smart's Analysis | p. 78 |
| A New Proposal | p. 80 |
| More Mysteries of Dying2 | p. 85 |
| On Death and Dying2 | p. 87 |
| The Survival of Death | p. 89 |
| The Termination Thesis | p. 89 |
| Some Philosophers Who Have Accepted the Termination Thesis | p. 91 |
| Doubts About the Termination Thesis | p. 93 |
| The Argument from Definition | p. 96 |
| The Argument from Dualism | p. 97 |
| Corpses and People | p. 100 |
| Death and Nonexistence As | p. 104 |
| A Materialist Conception of Death | p. 106 |
| A New Approach to Death | p. 106 |
| The Lifeline | p. 107 |
| Death Itself, "a Death," and Being Dead | p. 108 |
| Death and Life | p. 110 |
| Death and Existence | p. 113 |
| Deaths, Lives, and Histories | p. 115 |
| Death and Humanity | p. 117 |
| Death and Personality | p. 118 |
| A Materialist Way of Death | p. 123 |
| The Value of Death | |
| Epicurus and the Evil of Death | p. 127 |
| Epicurus's Argument Against the Evil of Death | p. 128 |
| Difficulties for the First Version of the Argument | p. 133 |
| A New Version of the Argument | p. 135 |
| The Fallacy in the New Version | p. 137 |
| How Death Can Be Bad for the One Who Dies | p. 138 |
| More Puzzles About the Evil of Death | p. 143 |
| The Puzzles | p. 143 |
| Axiological Preliminaries | p. 146 |
| Things That Are Bad for People | p. 148 |
| The Evil of Death | p. 150 |
| Some Proposed Answers | p. 152 |
| Conclusions | p. 156 |
| Utilitarianism, Victimism, and the Morality of Killing | p. 157 |
| "Thou Shalt Not Kill," | p. 157 |
| Hedonic Act Utilitarianism and the Morality of Killing | p. 163 |
| Why HAU Fails to Explain the Wrongness of Killing | p. 166 |
| Theories Based on Harm to the Victim | p. 167 |
| And Why They Fail, Too | p. 170 |
| Why Killing Is Wrong | p. 173 |
| Ideal Act Utilitarianism | p. 173 |
| Vitalistic Act Utilitarianism | p. 174 |
| Hedono-vitalistic Act Utilitarianism | p. 177 |
| Problems for HVAU | p. 181 |
| Justicism | p. 182 |
| Justicized Act Utilitarianism | p. 185 |
| Abortion and the Failure to Conceive | p. 191 |
| Three Examples | p. 193 |
| Justicism, Murder, and the Failure to Conceive | p. 198 |
| Justicized Act Utilitarianism and the Problem of Abortion | p. 200 |
| The "Right to Life," | p. 205 |
| Advantages of This View | p. 207 |
| The Morality and Rationality of Suicide | p. 210 |
| Welcoming the Reaper | p. 210 |
| Three Arguments for the Immorality of Suicide | p. 211 |
| An Argument for the Irrationality of Suicide | p. 215 |
| An Epistemic Argument Against the Rationality of Suicide | p. 217 |
| "Calculative Rationality" and Suicide | p. 219 |
| Euthanasia | p. 223 |
| Epilogue | p. 225 |
| Notes | p. 229 |
| Bibliography | p. 239 |
| Index | p. 243 |
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