Computer-Supported Cooperative Work

Introduction to Distributed Applications

By: Uwe M. Borghoff, Johann H. Schlichter

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Hardcover | 14 July 2000

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556 Pages

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The terms groupware and CSCW (computer-supported cooperative work) have received significant attention in computer science and related disciplines for quite some time now. This book is a revised and extended version of the 2nd edition of the German textbook "Rechnergest tzte Gruppenarbeit: Eine Einf hrung in verteilte Anwendungen". It has two main objectives: first, to outline the meaning of both terms, and second, to point out both the numer- ous opportunities for users of groupware and the risks of applying such sys- tems. The book intends to introduce an area of distributed systems, namely the computer support of individuals trying to solve a common problem in cooperation with each other but not necessarily having identical work pi aces or working times. Computer-supported cooperative work is an interdisciplinary application domain. It can be viewed as a synergism between the areas of distributed sys- tems and (multimedia-) communication on the one hand and between those of information science and socio-organizational theory on the other hand. Thus, the book is meant to help students of aH these disciplines, as weH as users and developers of systems which have communication and cooperation within groups as top priorities.

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Non-Fiction Business & Management Business Mathematics & Systems Computing & I.T.Business Applications Collaboration & Group Software Office & Workplace Working Patterns & Practices Computer Science Systems Analysis & Design Computer Networking & Communications Networking Packages

Computer Hardware Maintenance & Repairs Network Hardware Operating Systems Computer Programming & Software Development

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Paperback

Published: 1st December 2010

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Introduction to Distributed Systemsand Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
Fundamental Principles of Distributed Systems	p. 3
Introduction	p. 4
Transparency	p. 5
Levels of transparency	p. 6
Transparency levels of existing systems	p. 10
Problems with transparency in CSCW	p. 10
Mechanisms for Communication	p. 11
Information sharing	p. 12
Message exchange	p. 12
Bidirectional communication	p. 16
Producer-consumer interaction	p. 18
Client-Server Model	p. 19
Terms and definitions	p. 21
Client-server communication	p. 23
Processing requests for service operations	p. 24
Remote Procedure Call (RPC)	p. 29
RPC properties	p. 31
Mediation and brokering	p. 38
Asynchronous RPC	p. 39
Failure semantics of remote procedure calls	p. 41
Object-Oriented Distributed Systems	p. 43
Definitions	p. 43
Object distribution	p. 45
Object mobility	p. 46
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)	p. 50
Tuple space	p. 53
Linear Objects	p. 54
Distributed Applications	p. 59
Group communication	p. 60
Design of distributed applications	p. 65
Distributed applications in ODP	p. 71
Resource allocation	p. 74
History of highly influential distributed systems	p. 78
Caching	p. 82
Further Reading	p. 85
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work	p. 87
Introduction	p. 88
Background for Team Support	p. 89
Terminology	p. 90
CSCW in Practice - Scenarios	p. 95
Support of face-to-face meetings	p. 95
Support of distributed electronic meetings	p. 98
Support in between meetings	p. 100
Application Domains and their Characteristics	p. 103
Software design and development	p. 103
Teaching environment	p. 104
Telecooperation	p. 105
Further examples for teamwork	p. 106
Interpretation of CSCW	p. 107
CSCW: Work	p. 109
CSCW: Cooperative Work	p. 109
CSCW: Supported Cooperative Work	p. 111
CSCW: Computer-Supported Cooperative Work	p. 112
History of the Most Important CSCW Systems	p. 112
Groupware Classification	p. 118
Time space taxonomy	p. 118
Application level classification	p. 119
Classification according to the 3C model	p. 125
More classification models	p. 126
Design of Groupware	p. 126
Possible aspects	p. 126
Criteria for the acceptance of groupware systems	p. 128
Why groupware systems sometimes fail	p. 128
Benefits and risks of groupware	p. 130
Development methodology of groupware systems	p. 130
Methods for studying groups	p. 134
The Portland experiment	p. 136
Lotus Notes	p. 139
Further Reading	p. 140
Basic Concepts of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
Concepts of Asynchronous and Synchronous Cooperation	p. 145
Group Processes	p. 146
Group process models	p. 150
Group communication	p. 152
Concurrency control	p. 155
Roles of group members	p. 158
Cluster Model	p. 158
Direct point-to-point connection	p. 159
Indirect communication links	p. 160
Strategies for the Distribution of Information Units	p. 163
Direct point-to-point connection	p. 163
Cluster hierarchy	p. 163
Broadcast flooding	p. 165
Routing	p. 167
Structures of Asynchronous Group Interaction	p. 167
Linear model (Emisari)	p. 167
Comb model (Confer, Usenet)	p. 168
Branch model (Parti)	p. 169
Management of Shared Context	p. 170
The concept WYSIWIS	p. 172
Relaxed forms of WYSIWIS	p. 172
Telepointing	p. 175
Group awareness	p. 175
Groupware Architectures	p. 178
Centralized architectures	p. 178
Replicated architectures	p. 180
Further Reading	p. 182
Concurrency Control	p. 185
Introduction	p. 186
Motivation	p. 186
Classification of concurrency control approaches	p. 187
Optimistic Concurrency Control	p. 188
Centralized Control	p. 189
Control unit	p. 189
Token-passing	p. 190
Decentralized Control: Overview	p. 191
Simple Locking Schemes	p. 191
Floor-passing Schemes	p. 194
Explicit floor-passing scheme	p. 195
Implicit floor-passing with coordination unit	p. 195
Implicit floor-passing with distributed coordination	p. 196
Transactions	p. 197
Operation Transformation	p. 201
Sites	p. 201
Group Outline Viewing Editor (Grove)	p. 202
The Grove algorithm: distributed Operational Transformation (dOPT)	p. 206
Correctness of the Grove algorithm	p. 208
Further Reading	p. 209
Replication and Concurrency Control	p. 211
Introduction	p. 212
Voting Schemes	p. 218
Majority consensus	p. 220
Weighted voting	p. 224
Write-all-read-any	p. 226
Voting with witnesses	p. 227
Available- copy	p. 239
Dynamic voting	p. 245
Voting-class	p. 259
Multidimensional voting	p. 261
Hierarchical Voting	p. 263
Additional Schemes with Decentralized Control	p. 266
Coding scheme	p. 267
Grid protocol	p. 274
Regeneration	p. 279
Further Reading	p. 280
Application Classes of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
Communication Systems and Shared Information Spaces	p. 285
Email Systems	p. 286
Message transfer agent	p. 287
User agents	p. 288
Message envelope	p. 289
Email address	p. 290
Groupware characteristics of an email system	p. 290
Video Conferencing	p. 291
Aspects in the usage of video conferencing	p. 291
Conference management	p. 293
Shared Information Spaces	p. 295
General definitions	p. 295
History of hypertext systems	p. 296
Architecture of hypertext systems	p. 301
Dexter reference model	p. 307
Navigation in hypertext networks	p. 309
Trellis model	p. 315
IBIS method	p. 315
Campiello - Information spaces and communities	p. 318
Case studies: cooperative nature of information search activities	p. 322
Further Reading	p. 325
Workflow Management, Conversation and Coordination Systems	p. 327
Introduction	p. 328
The history of workflow management	p. 330
Terminology	p. 331
Goals, barriers and features	p. 333
Taxonomy	p. 335
Conversation Model	p. 337
Definition of speech act	p. 338
Conversation networks	p. 340
Conversation systems	p. 341
The Coordinator	p. 343
The office procedure system Domino	p. 344
The activity management system Tacts	p. 346
Coordination Models	p. 350
The coordination theory according to Malone	p. 352
Customer-performer model	p. 353
Workflow Modeling	p. 354
Aspect-oriented workflow model	p. 355
Process grammar	p. 358
Execution Environments for Workflows	p. 360
Further Developments	p. 361
Problems and open issues	p. 362
Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC)	p. 363
Adaptive workflow	p. 364
Workflow life cycle	p. 368
Further Reading	p. 372
Workgroup Computing	p. 373
Electronic Meeting Support	p. 374
Architectures for electronic meeting systems	p. 376
General characteristics of electronic meeting systems	p. 378
Design alternatives for meeting rooms	p. 379
Distributed Document Systems	p. 382
Cooperative document creation	p. 383
Group editors - overview	p. 387
The group editor Iris	p. 387
DistEdit	p. 389
User interface layer of a group editor	p. 390
Access layer of a group editor	p. 394
Architecture of a distributed group editor	p. 397
Document structure	p. 401
Logical views of the document structure	p. 402
Structure editor	p. 404
Versioning/history management	p. 406
Undo in Distributed Group Editors	p. 407
Basic concepts	p. 408
Simple undo	p. 409
Selective undo according to Prakash and Knister	p. 409
Selective undo (extended version)	p. 412
Further Reading	p. 413
Multiagent Systems	p. 415
Introduction	p. 416
Characteristics and Classification	p. 418
Modeling	p. 424
Distributed problem solving	p. 425
Agent model	p. 425
Conceptual framework	p. 426
Layer concept	p. 427
Cooperation among Agents	p. 430
Cooperation by (semi) structured messages	p. 430
Cooperation strategies	p. 433
Cooperation methods	p. 434
Communication types	p. 436
The Contract Net Protocol	p. 438
Basic concepts of the contract net protocol	p. 438
Task announcement phase	p. 439
Bid creation phase	p. 440
Bid selection phase	p. 441
Task assignment phase	p. 443
Task execution phase	p. 443
Assessment of the contract net protocol	p. 443
Agent-based Information Brokering	p. 444
Systems of agent-based information brokering	p. 445
Constraint-Based Knowledge Brokers	p. 452
Protocols	p. 459
Agent processing	p. 463
Distributed Meeting Scheduling	p. 469
Formal definition of the meeting scheduling problem	p. 471
Scheduling process	p. 473
Scheduling model	p. 473
Strategies	p. 475
Actor Model	p. 476
Actor definition	p. 476
Generic actor system	p. 477
Example for an actor system	p. 478
Further Reading	p. 479
References	p. 481
List of Figures	p. 509
List of Tables	p. 515
Index	p. 517
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Computer-Supported Cooperative Work

Introduction to Distributed Applications

At a Glance

Hardcover

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