COMPLEX PLASMAS & COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS

Particle-Resolved Studies of Classical Liquids and Solids

By: IVLEV ALEXEI

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Hardcover | 31 May 2012

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338 Pages

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22.86 x 15.24 x 2.06

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Many fundamental issues in classical condensed matter physics can be addressed experimentally using systems of individually visible mesoscopic particles playing the role of "proxy atoms". The interaction between such "atoms" is determined by the properties of the surrounding medium and/or by external tuning. The best-known examples of such experimental model systems are two different domains of soft matter - complex plasmas and colloidal dispersions.The major goal of this book - written by scientists representing both complex plasmas and colloidal dispersions - is to bring the two fields together. In the first part of the book the basic properties of the two systems are summarized, demonstrating huge conceptual and methodological overlap of the fields and emphasizing numerous cross-connections between them and their essential complementarity. This "introductory part" should serve to help each community in understanding the other field better. Simultaneously, this provides the necessary basis for the second part focused on particle-resolved studies of diverse generic phenomena in liquids and solids - all performed with complex plasmas and/or colloidal dispersions. The book is concluded with the discussion of critical open issues and fascinating perspectives of such interdisciplinary research.

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Non-Fiction Science Physics Materials & States of Matter Condensed Matter Physics including Liquid State & Solid State Physics Statistical Physics Booktopia Publisher Services World Scientific Publishing

Foreword	p. v
Preface	p. vii
Introduction	p. 1
Complementarity and Interdisciplinarity	p. 4
Basic Properties of Complex Plasmas	p. 9
Charging of Particles	p. 9
Collection of electrons and ions in isotropic plasmas	p. 10
Effect of an external electric field	p. 14
Other mechanisms of charging	p. 15
Interaction Between Microparticles	p. 15
Electrostatic mechanisms in isotropic plasmas	p. 15
Effect of an external electric field	p. 18
Other mechanisms of interaction	p. 20
Momentum Exchange Between Species	p. 22
Major External Forces	p. 24
Basic Properties of Colloidal Dispersions	p. 29
One-Body Properties	p. 30
Dynamics	p. 30
Charging of colloids	p. 32
Two-Body Properties: Pair Interactions and Stability	p. 34
One-component approach and many-body effects	p. 36
Non-acqueous solvents: weak charging, steric stabilization, and experimental hard spheres	p. 37
Colloidal microgels	p. 38
Interactions Between Different Species	p. 39
Hydrodynamic Interactions	p. 41
Major External Fields	p. 43
Confinement	p. 43
Gravity	p. 44
DC electric fields	p. 44
AC electric and magnetic fields	p. 45
Optical fields	p. 46
Shear	p. 47
Complex Plasmas and Colloidal Dispersions: Similarity and Complementarity	p. 49
Important Dimensionless Parameters	p. 50
Complex plasmas	p. 50
Colloidal dispersions	p. 52
Dynamic Regimes: Role of the Background	p. 53
Kinetics in the Newtonian and Brownian regimes	p. 55
Crossover between the dynamic regimes	p. 58
Influence of particles on surrounding fluid	p. 63
Role of Nonconservative Interactions	p. 64
Wake-mediated interactions	p. 64
Hydrodynamic interactions	p. 68
Variable charges	p. 71
Summary	p. 72
Overview of Experimental Methods	p. 75
Complex Plasmas	p. 75
RF discharges	p. 75
DC discharges	p. 83
Other types of complex plasmas	p. 86
Colloidal Dispersions	p. 87
Preparation of colloidal dispersions	p. 88
Optical/confocal microscopy	p. 89
Real Space Analysis	p. 92
Spatial particle tracking	p. 93
Tracking in time	p. 94
Non-equilibrium systems	p. 94
Recent developments	p. 95
Simple Liquids	p. 97
Liquid Structure	p. 97
Liquid Dynamics	p. 99
Liquid-Vapor Phase Transition	p. 103
Summary	p. 108
Liquid-Solid Phase Transitions	p. 109
Equilibrium Phase Diagram	p. 111
3D systems	p. 111
2D systems	p. 114
Liquid-Solid Interfaces and Kinetics of 3D Transitions	p. 118
Liquid-solid interface in equilibrium	p. 119
Homogeneous versus heterogeneous nucleation	p. 120
Kinetics of phaselets	p. 124
Grain-boundary melting	p. 125
Kinetic Processes in 2D Crystals	p. 126
Scaling laws of 2D crystallization	p. 126
Dynamics of dislocations	p. 131
Confined Systems	p. 135
Crossover between 3D and 2D melting	p. 135
Crystalline structures in slit confinement	p. 137
Other types of confinement	p. 144
Summary	p. 146
Binary Mixtures	p. 149
Static Liquid Structure	p. 149
Crystallization	p. 150
3D systems	p. 151
2D systems	p. 155
Fluid Demixing	p. 162
Phase equilibrium	p. 162
Demixing kinetics	p. 165
Limitations of mean-field approach	p. 169
Particle-resolved studies	p. 170
Summary	p. 176
Slow Dynamics	p. 177
Principal Characteristics and Concepts	p. 179
Supercooled liquids	p. 179
Dynamic heterogeneity and dynamic length scales	p. 181
Boson peaks	p. 182
Glass transition and soft matter	p. 183
Basic Theories of Liquid-to-Glass Transition	p. 184
Adam-Gibbs theory	p. 184
Random first-order/mosaic theory	p. 185
Mode coupling theory	p. 186
Real-Space Analysis of Supercooled Liquids	p. 188
Real-Space Analysis of Gels	p. 190
Local Structure and Dynamic Arrest	p. 192
Aging of Glasses	p. 195
Summary	p. 196
Driven Systems	p. 199
Stable Shear Flows	p. 199
Rheology	p. 203
Theoretical approaches	p. 204
Comparison with experiments and simulations	p. 208
Heat Transport	p. 212
Sedimentation and Basic Hydrodynamic Instabilities	p. 215
Sedimentation	p. 215
Rayleigh-Taylor instability	p. 218
Shear-induced instabilities	p. 219
Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions	p. 223
Laning	p. 223
Banding	p. 233
Motion of Particles in Channels	p. 235
Summary	p. 240
Anisotropic Interactions	p. 243
Interactions Tunable by External Fields	p. 243
Uniaxial fields	p. 243
Multiaxial fields	p. 252
Anisotropic Particles	p. 253
Summary	p. 261
Outlook	p. 263
Symbols	p. 271
Bibliography	p. 277
Index	p. 317
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

COMPLEX PLASMAS & COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS

Particle-Resolved Studies of Classical Liquids and Solids

At a Glance

Hardcover

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