Compact Multifunctional Antennas for Wireless Systems

Preface ix

1 Compact Multifunctional Antennas in Microwave Wireless Systems 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Microwave Components in Wireless Systems 6

1.3 Planar and Nonplanar Antennas in Compact Wireless Systems 7

1.3.1 Performance Parameters 8

1.3.2 Planar Antennas 14

1.3.3 Nonplanar Antennas 16

1.4 Multifunctional Antennas and Microwave Circuits 17

1.4.1 Active Antennas 18

1.4.2 Passive Antennas 19

1.5 Miniaturization Techniques for Multifunctional Antennas 19

1.6 Design Processes and Considerations 20

1.7 Design Tools and Software 22

1.8 Overview of the Book 24

2 Multifunctional Passive Integrated Antennas and Components 29

2.1 Development of Passive Integrated Antennas and Components 29

2.2 Antenna Filters 30

2.2.1 Dielectric Resonator Antenna Filter 31

2.2.2 Other DRAFs 46

2.2.3 Microstrip-Based Antenna Filters 50

2.3 Balun Filters 60

2.3.1 Ring Balun Filter 60

2.3.2 Magnetic-Coupled Balun Filter 64

2.3.3 Rectangular Patch Balun Filter 65

2.4 Antenna Package 67

2.4.1 DRA Packaging Cover 70

2.4.2 Other Antenna Packages 78

2.5 Conclusions 80

3 Reconfigurable Antennas 85

3.1 Introduction 85

3.2 Design Considerations and Recent Developments 86

3.3 Frequency-Reconfigurable Antennas 88

3.3.1 Frequency-Reconfigurable Slot-Loaded Microstrip Patch Antenna 91

3.3.2 Frequency-Reconfigurable E-Shaped Patch Antenna 93

3.4 Pattern-Reconfigurable Antennas 98

3.4.1 Pattern-Reconfigurable Fractal Patch Antenna 103

3.4.2 Pattern-Reconfigurable Leaky-Wave Antenna 105

3.5 Multi-Reconfigurable Antennas 109

3.6 Conclusions 112

4 Receiving Amplifying Antennas 117

4.1 Introduction 117

4.2 Design Criteria and Considerations 118

4.3 Wearable Low-Noise Amplifying Antenna 118

4.4 Active Broadband Low-Noise Amplifying Antenna 128

4.5 Conclusions 139

5 Oscillating Antennas 145

5.1 Introduction 145

5.2 Design Methods for Microwave Oscillators 145

5.2.1 Design Using S Parameters 146

5.2.2 Design Using a Network Model 147

5.2.3 Specifications of Microwave Oscillators 147

5.3 Recent Developments and Issues of Antenna Oscillators 149

5.4 Reflection-Amplifier Antenna Oscillators 152

5.4.1 Rectangular DRAO 152

5.4.2 Hollow DRAO 158

5.4.3 Differential Planar Antenna Oscillator 161

5.5 Coupled-Load Antenna Oscillators 167

5.5.1 Coupled-Load Microstrip Patch Oscillator 167

5.5.2 Patch Antenna Oscillator with Feedback Loop 171

5.6 Conclusions 180

6 Solar-Cell-Integrated Antennas 185

6.1 Integration of Antennas with Solar Cells 185

6.2 Nonplanar Solar-Cell-Integrated Antennas 188

6.2.1 Solar-Cell-Integrated Hemispherical DRA 189

6.2.2 Solar-Cell-Integrated Rectangular DRA 201

6.3 Planar Solar-Cell-Integrated Antennas 204

6.3.1 Solar-Cell-Integrated U-Shaped SPA 208

6.3.2 Solar-Cell-Integrated V-Shaped SPA 219

6.4 Conclusions 223

References 224

Index 227