Communicating Nature

Introduction Chapter 1: The Formation of Environmental Beliefs Development of Environmental Belief Systems Childhood and Nature Sense of Place Historical and Cultural Context Chapter 2: A Spectrum of Environmental Ideologies Unrestrained Instrumentalism Conservationism Preservationism Ethics and Values-driven Ideologies Animals Rights Land-based Ethics Transformative Ideologies Ecological Sensibility Deep Ecology Social Ecology Ecofeminism Native American Ideologies Eastern Religious Traditions Shared Concepts in Eastern Traditions Conclusion Chapter 3: The Links Between Environmental Attitude and Behavior Environmental Attitudes and the People Who Hold Them Opinions and the Environment Environmental Concern Over Time Environmental Knowledge The Links Between Attitudes and Behaviors Influences Upon Attitude Types of Pro-Environmental Behavior Predicting Behavior Attitudinal Factors Personal Factors Contextual Factors Habit and Routine Approaches to Changing Behavior Conclusion Chapter 4: Work and Consumer Culture Work vs. Leisure This Thing Called Work Working...to Shop Working...Toward Leisure Consumption and Daily Life Development of the "Buyosphere" Why We Buy Consumption as Process, Not Purchase Working or Playing in Nature Conclusion Chapter 5: Leisure in Nature as Commodity and Entertainment Leisure: Busy and Commodified Local Landscapes A Long Affair with Lawns and Landscapes Local Parks Entertainment What Disney Has Given Us Television and Films Themes for Environmental Movies Tourism Pilgrims and Pilgrimages The Visual, Consumable Vacation The Development of Tourism The Management of Tourists and Their Experiences Eco tourism Conclusion Chapter 6: Faint Green: Advertising and the Natural World Four Types of Ads Featuring the Environment Nature as Backdrop Green Product Attributes Green Image Environmental Advocacy Ads with Combined Appeals How ??Green?? is the Appeal of Ads? The Phenomenon ?? and Oxymoron ?? of Green Ads The Business of Advertising Advertising and Education The Psychology of Advertising Nature as a Selling Tool Narcissism in Ads Nature as Sublime Disconnecting from Nature Psychological Elements Working Together Conclusion Chapter 7: Communicating the Meaning of Animals Animals as Symbols and Shorthand Why Do Animals Matter to Us? Predators Attitudes Toward Animals Perceptions of Animals Animal Knowledge Good Animal, Bad Animal Neoteny Anthropomorphism Ethical Relations and Animal "Rights" Media Messages and Animals News and Animals Animals and Advertising Zoos The Historical Legs of Zoos On Display Conclusion Chapter 8: News Media News and Social Reality How Environmental Stories Reach the Media The Environment Beat Information Subsidies How the Media Choose News Journalists as "Gatekeepers" Journalistic Norms: Fairness and Objectivity News Values Event-driven Economic Constraints and Advertising Influences How the Media Report Environmental Stories Story Construction News Sources Community Structure and Self-interest How the Media Frame Environmental Stories Subjective Selection of "Objective" Facts Internal and External Influences on News Frames Types and Characteristics of News Frames Frames Influence Audience Perceptions ??Guard Dog?? Media and Social Change Conclusion Chapter 9: Battle for Spin: The Public Relations Industry The PR Goals of Government The PR Goals of Business Public Relations: Objectives, Strategies, and Tactics Public Relations within Organizations Persuasion and Propaganda Perception Management and Scientific Uncertainty Spin: Image vs. Performance Strategy and Tactics: Getting the Green Word Out Video News Releases Trade Association Campaigns Front Groups and Fake Grassroots Conclusion Chapter 10: Communication and Social Change Changing the Dominant Social Paradigm to an Environmental One A Taxonomy of Environmental Groups Informal or Grassroots Groups Formal or Institutional Groups Lessons for Movement Communication Within the Individual Within the Message Within the Message Environment Tactical Choices Member Communication Appeals to Activists Communication with News Media Avenues for News Partial Success for the Environmental Movement A New Vision for the Communication of Environmental Change