Comic Rays in Interplanetary Magnetics Fields

I: Physical Properties of the Interplanetary Medium.- 1. The Solar Wind.- 1.1. Observational Data on the Solar Wind.- 1.2. Origin of the Solar Wind.- 1.3. Interaction of the Solar Wind with the Interstellar Medium.- 2. Large-scale Interplanetary Magnetic Fields.- 2.1. Observational Data on Large-scale Interplanetary Magnetic Fields and their Association with Magnetic Fields on the Sun.- 2.2. Theory of Interplanetary Magnetic Fields and Comparison with Experiment.- 3. Oscillations and Waves in Solar Wind Plasma.- 3.1. Disturbances of the Interplanetary Medium.- 3.2. Theory of MHD Waves in the Non-uniform Solar Wind.- 3.3. Observational Data on MHD Waves.- 4. Shocks and Discontinuities in the Interplanetary Medium.- 4.1. Possible Types of MHD Shocks and Discontinuities in the Interplanetary Plasma.- 4.2. Observational Data on MHD Shocks and Discontinuities in the Solar Wind Plasma.- 5. Spectral Description of Stochastic Magnetic Fields.- 5.1. Correlation Tensors of Stochastic Magnetic Fields.- 5.2. Spectra of Magnetic Fields and Plasma Parameters.- 5.3. On the Theory of Solar Wind Turbulence.- II: Theory of Fast Particle Motion in Interplanetary Magnetic Fields.- 6. Qualitative Picture of Fast Particle Motion in Interplanetary Space.- 7. Kinetic Equation for Particles Moving in Magnetic Fields with Small-scale Inhomogeneities.- 7.1. Initial Equation and Basic Approximations.- 7.2. Averaging over Small-scale Magnetic Fields.- 7.3. Kinetic Equation. The Case of Small-scale Inhomogeneities.- 8. Transport Equation.- 8.1. Diffusion Approximation. Convective Transport and Adiabatic Variation of Particle Energy.- 8.2. Transport Equation for Scattering of Particles on MHD Discontinuities and Magnetic Clouds.- 8.3. Second-order Acceleration Effects for Regular Large-scale Plasma Motions.- 8.4. Derivation of the Transport Equation on the Basis of Drift Approximation.- 9. Scattering and Transport of Particles in Strong Magnetic Fields.- 9.1. Averaging over Particle Rotations Round Magnetic Field Lines and Over Large-scale Random Magnetic Fields.- 9.2. Evaluation of Pitch-angle Diffusion Coefficient.- 9.3. Diffusion Equation. Longitudinal Diffusion Coefficient.- 9.4. Transverse Diffusion Coefficient.- 9.5. Evaluation of Diffusion Coefficient from Experimental Data on Spectra of Magnetic Fluctuations and Comparison with Experiment.- III: Propagation of Energetic Solar Particles.- 10. Basic Observational Data on Energetic Particles of Solar Origin.- 10.1. Overall Data.- 10.2. Abundance of Energetic Solar Particles (Nucleon Component).- 10.3. Events Enriched by 3He and Heavy Elements.- 10.4. Spectra of Energetic Solar Particles.- 10.5. Temporal Rises of Energetic Solar Particle Intensity.- 10.6. Anisotropy of Low-energy Solar Protons.- 10.7. Coronal Propagation.- 10.8. Quasi-stationary Background of Low-energy Particles in Interplanetary Space.- 10.9. Anomalous Component.- 10.10. Solar Electrons.- 10.11. Total Energy of Particles Accelerated in Solar Flares.- 11. Anisotropic Propagation of Solar Cosmic Rays.- 11.1. Stationary Propagation of Particle Streams with Large Anisotropy.- 11.2. Temporal Variation of Intensity for Large Particle Transport Paths.- 11.3. Scattering at Pitch Angles Close to TT/2. Coherent Propagation of Solar Particles.- 11.4. Numerical Simulations of Solar Proton Propagation.- 12. Stationary Transport of Solar Cosmic Rays.- 13. Diffusion and Convection of Solar-flare Cosmic Rays.- 13.1. Transport of Non-relativistic Protons.- 13.2. Temporal Variation of Anisotropy.- 13.3. Numerical Simulations of Transport of Solar-flare Particles with Allowance for Convection and Adiabatic Deceleration.- IV: Particle Acceleration Processes in Interplanetary Space.- 14. Observational Data on Energy Variations of Cosmic Rays in Interplanetary Space.- 14.1. Observations of Adiabatic Particle Deceleration.- 14.2. Basic Data on Acceleration Processes in Interplanetary Space.- 14.3. Particle Acceleration in Corotating High-speed Streams.- 14.4. Anomalous Component Acceleration.- 14.5. Particle Acceleration in Planetary Magnetospheres.- 14.6. Particle Acceleration at the Heliomagnetosphere Boundary.- 15. Particle Acceleration Due to Random Plasma Motions: Fermi Mechanism.- 15.1. Particle Acceleration in the Moving Cloud Model.- 15.2. Acceleration Due to Large-scale Motions of the Medium.- 15.3. Particle Acceleration by Gyrotropic Turbulence.- 16. Particle Acceleration by MHD Turbulence.- 16.1. Acceleration by Small-scale Fields. Energy Diffusion.- 16.2. Acceleration of Non-confined and Confined Particles by Large-scale Fields.- 16.3. List of Main Results.- 16.4. Estimates of the Turbulent Acceleration Coefficient in Interplanetary Space.- 17. Formation of Spectra of Accelerated Particles.- 17.1. Spectra of Particles Accelerated by MHD Turbulence.- 17.1.1. Non-stationary Acceleration in a Uniform System.- 17.1.2. Acceleration with Account for Spatial Diffusion.- 17.2. Effect of Acceleration on Transport of Solar Protons.- 17.2.1. The Effects of Adiabatic Losses and Acceleration.- 17.2.2. Joint Account for Adiabatic Losses, Acceleration and Spatial Diffusion.- 17.3. Particle Acceleration in the Magnetosphere of Jupiter.- 18. Acceleration and Transport of Particles by MHD Shocks.- 18.1. Fast Particle Interaction with Shock Front: Acceleration, Reflection and Crossing.- 18.2. Fermi Acceleration of Particles Near a Shock in a Turbulent Medium. Boundary Conditions for Fast Particles at MHD Shock Fronts.- 18.3. Acceleration and Transport of Solar-flare protons by Interplanetary Shocks (Diffusion Model).- 18.4. Monte Carlo Simulations of Proton Transport by Shocks.- 18.5. Short-term Enhancements with Large Anisotropics and Soft Spectra.- 18.6. Proton Acceleration to Relativistic Energies in Inter-planetary Space.- 18.7. Acceleration of Particles from the Uniform Background and Formation of the "Universal" Spectrum of Cosmic Rays.- 18.8. Generation of Turbulence by Accelerated Particles near Interplanetary Shock Fronts.- 18.9. The Role of Energy Losses and Particle Injection into the Regime of Acceleration by a Shock.- 18.10. The Effect of Accelerated Particles on Shock Front Structure.- 18.11. Fast Particle Acceleration by a Moving Spherical Shock.- V: Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays.- 19. Basic Observational Data on Galactic Cosmic Rays.- 19.1. Abundances of Galactic Cosmic Rays.- 19.2. Energy Spectra of Primary Cosmic Rays.- 19.3. Intensity Variations of Galactic Cosmic Rays Due to Interaction with Interplanetary Magnetic Fields.- 19.3.1. 11-year Variation.- 19.3.2. 27 day Variations.- 19.3.3. Forbush Decreases.- 19.3.4. Short-term Variations (Intensity Fluctuations) of Cosmic Rays.- 19.4. Anisotropy of Galactic Cosmic Rays.- 19.5. Radial and Latitudinal Gradients of Galactic Cosmic Rays.- 20. Theory of Galactic Cosmic Ray Modulation by Solar Wind Magnetic Field.- 20.1. The Diffusion-convection Model.- 20.2. The Effect of Drifts in Non-uniform Interplanetary Magnetic Fields on Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays.- 20.3. Particle Acceleration in the Region where the Solar Wind Interacts with the Interstellar Medium.- 21. Short-term Variations of Cosmic Ray Intensity.- 21.1. The Sources of Short-term Cosmic Ray Variations.- 21.2. Equation for Two-particle Distribution Function.- 21.3. Intensity Fluctuations of High-energy Cosmic Rays.- 21.4. Equation for Two-particle Distribution Function in the Drift Approximation.- 21.5. Fluctuations of Moderate-energy Particles.- 21.6. Comparison with Experiment.- Concluding Remarks.- I. The Green Function of the Stationary Transport Equation.- II. Solution to Non-stationary Transport Equation for a Constant Diffusion Coefficient.- III. Adiabatic Invariant of Charged Particle Crossing a Transverse Shock.- IV. Adiabatic Invariant of Charged Particle Crossing an Oblique Shock.