Preface ix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 General Remarks 1
1.2 Types of Cold-Formed Steel Sections and Their Applications 2
1.3 Metal Buildings and Industrialized Housing 7
1.4 Methods of Forming 13
1.5 Research and Design Specifications 15
1.6 General Design Considerations of Cold-Formed Steel Construction 21
1.7 Economic Design and Optimum Properties 26
1.8 Design Basis 27
1.9 Serviceability 35
Chapter 2 Materials Used in Cold-Formed Steel Construction 37
2.1 General Remarks 37
2.2 Yield Stress, Tensile Strength, and Stress–Strain Curve 44
2.3 Modulus of Elasticity, Tangent Modulus, and Shear Modulus 45
2.4 Ductility 45
2.5 Weldability 47
2.6 Fatigue Strength and Toughness 48
2.7 Influence of Cold Work on Mechanical Properties of Steel 48
2.8 Utilization of Cold Work of Forming 51
2.9 Effect of Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Steel 53
2.10 Testing of Full Sections and Flat Elements 54
2.11 Residual Stresses Due to Cold Forming 55
2.12 Effect of Strain Rate on Mechanical Properties 57
Chapter 3 Strength of Thin Elements and Design Criteria 59
3.1 General Remarks 59
3.2 Definitions of Terms 59
3.3 Structural Behavior of Compression Elements and Effective Width Design Criteria 61
3.4 Perforated Elements and Members 97
3.5 Direct Strength Method and Consideration of Local and Distortional Buckling 100
3.6 Plate Buckling of Structural Shapes 117
3.7 Additional Information 117
Chapter 4 Flexural Members 119
4.1 General Remarks 119
4.2 Bending Strength and Deflection 119
4.3 Design of Beam Webs 183
4.4 Bracing Requirements of Beams 209
4.5 Torsional Analysis of Beams and Combined Bending and Torsional Loading 216
4.6 Additional Information on Beams 216
Chapter 5 Compression Members 217
5.1 General Remarks 217
5.2 Column Buckling 218
5.3 Local Buckling Interacting with Yielding and Global Buckling 226
5.4 Distortional Buckling Strength of Compression Members 228
5.5 Effect of Cold Work on Column Buckling 228
5.6 North American Design Formulas for Concentrically Loaded Compression Members 230
5.7 Effective Length Factor K 234
5.8 Built-Up Compression Members 236
5.9 Bracing of Axially Loaded Compression Members 237
5.10 Design Examples 238
5.11 Compression Members in Metal Roof and Wall Systems 247
5.12 Additional Information on Compression Members 250
Chapter 6 Combined Axial Load And Bending 251
6.1 General Remarks 251
6.2 Combined Tensile Axial Load and Bending 251
6.3 Combined Compressive Axial Load and Bending (Beam–Columns) 253
6.4 Member Forces Considering Structural Stability 261
6.5 North American Design Criteria for Beam–Column Check 265
6.6 Design Examples 266
6.7 Additional Information on Beam–Columns 283
Chapter 7 Closed Cylindrical Tubular Members 285
7.1 General Remarks 285
7.2 Types of Closed Cylindrical Tubes 285
7.3 Flexural Column Buckling 285
7.4 Local Buckling 286
7.5 North American Design Criteria 289
7.6 Design Examples 293
Chapter 8 Connections 297
8.1 General Remarks 297
8.2 Types of Connectors 297
8.3 Welded Connections 297
8.4 Bolted Connections 316
8.5 Screw Connections 327
8.6 Power-Actuated Fasteners 331
8.7 Other Fasteners 334
8.8 Rupture Failure of Connections 336
8.9 I- or Box-Shaped Compression Members Made by Connecting Two C-Sections 337
8.10 I-Beams Made by Connecting Two C-Sections 340
8.11 Spacing of Connections in Compression Elements 342
Chapter 9 Shear Diaphragms and Roof Structures 345
9.1 General Remarks 345
9.2 Steel Shear Diaphragms 345
9.3 Structural Members Braced by Diaphragms 358
9.4 Shell Roof Structures 367
9.5 Metal Roof Systems 378
9.6 Shear Walls 380
Chapter 10 Corrugated Sheets 381
10.1 General Remarks 381
10.2 Applications 381
10.3 Sectional Properties and Design of Arc- and Tangent-Type Corrugated Sheets 381
10.4 Sectional Properties and Design of Trapezoidal-Type Corrugated Sheets 386
Chapter 11 Composite Design 389
11.1 General Remarks 389
11.2 Steel-Deck-Reinforced Composite Slabs 389
11.3 Composite Beams or Girders with Cold-Formed Steel Deck 390
Chapter 12 Light-Frame Construction 393
12.1 General Remarks 393
12.2 Framing Standards 393
12.3 Design Guides 406
Appendix A Thickness of Base Metal 407
Appendix B Torsion 409
Appendix C Formulas for Computing Cross-Sectional Property ?y 421
Appendix D Definitions of Terms 423
Nomenclature 429
Acronyms and Abbreviations 443
Conversion Table 445
References 447
Index 513
