| Anterior Segment Imaging | |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Placido-Disc Based Imaging | p. 2 |
| Slit-Scanning Imaging | p. 2 |
| Scheimpflug Imaging | p. 2 |
| Arc-Scanning Ultrasound | p. 3 |
| Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging | p. 4 |
| Comparison of Imaging Capabilities | p. 4 |
| Pachymetry | p. 4 |
| Refractive Surgery | p. 7 |
| Biometry | p. 8 |
| Lamellar Corneal Surgery | p. 8 |
| References | p. 9 |
| Microincisional Lens Surgery | |
| Introduction: The Trends Towards Microincision Cataract Surgery | p. 11 |
| MICS Definition | p. 12 |
| Indication for MICS Surgery | p. 12 |
| Our Surgical Technique Step by Step | p. 13 |
| MICS Anesthesia | p. 13 |
| MICS Incision | p. 13 |
| MICS Capsulorhexis | p. 13 |
| MICS Hydrodissection, Hydrodelineation | p. 14 |
| MICS Prechopping | p. 14 |
| MICS Phacoemulsification and Removal Section | p. 15 |
| Flat Instruments Concept | p. 17 |
| Fluidics in MICS | p. 17 |
| Irrigation and Aspiration: Creating a Balanced Fluidics Environment | p. 19 |
| Is MICS Worthwhile? | p. 20 |
| Clinical Outcome | p. 20 |
| Outcome of the Incision | p. 20 |
| Astigmatism Control with MICS | p. 21 |
| Corneal Aberration Control with MICS | p. 21 |
| End of the Surgery | p. 23 |
| Future of MICS | p. 24 |
| References | p. 24 |
| Capsular Tension Rings | |
| History of the Concept | p. 27 |
| Applications and Designs | p. 28 |
| Impact of a CTR on IOL Positioning and Refraction | p. 28 |
| The CTR as a Surgical Tool | p. 29 |
| Localized Zonular Dehiscence | p. 29 |
| Generalized Zonular Weakness | p. 29 |
| Posterior Capsulorhexis | p. 30 |
| Combined Cataract and Vitreous Surgery | p. 30 |
| Modified CTR for Special Purposes | p. 31 |
| CTRs for Iris Defects | p. 31 |
| CTRs for Sulcus Suture Fixation | p. 32 |
| Capsular Tension Segments | p. 33 |
| The CTR as a Measuring Gauge | p. 34 |
| Quantification of the Diameter of the Evacuated Capsular Bag | p. 34 |
| Quantification of Bag Diameter Changes During Capsular Shrinkage | p. 34 |
| CTRs and After-Cataract Formation | p. 35 |
| The Capsular Bending Ring | p. 36 |
| Full-Circle Capsular Bending Rings | p. 38 |
| 'Tailed' Capsular Bending Ring | p. 38 |
| Foldable Closed Ring | p. 38 |
| Surgical Technique | p. 40 |
| Timing of Ring Insertion | p. 40 |
| Insertion Techniques and Instruments | p. 40 |
| Sizing of the Capsulorhexis | p. 41 |
| Complications, Prophylaxis and Management | p. 41 |
| Intraoperative Complications | p. 41 |
| Postoperative Complications | p. 41 |
| Capsular Contraction | p. 41 |
| (Sub-) Luxation of CTR-IOL-Bag Complex | p. 42 |
| References | p. 42 |
| Intraocular Lens Complications and Management | |
| Introduction | p. 45 |
| IOL Complications | p. 45 |
| Presentation | p. 45 |
| Causes | p. 48 |
| Management of the Malpositioned IOL | p. 49 |
| General Principles | p. 49 |
| IOL Repositioning: Surgical Principles | p. 50 |
| Capsular Fixation | p. 51 |
| Scleral Sutured Repositioning | p. 54 |
| Iris Sutured Repositioning | p. 58 |
| IOL Explantation and Exchange - Surgical Principles | p. 60 |
| Conclusion | p. 63 |
| References | p. 65 |
| Toric Intraocular Lenses for Correction of Astigmatism in Primary Cataract Surgery | |
| Background | p. 67 |
| Astigmatism | p. 67 |
| Incidence of Astigmatism in the Cataractous Population | p. 67 |
| Surgical Correction of Astigmatism | p. 70 |
| Toric IOL Technology | p. 70 |
| Concepts of TIOL for Primary Cataract Surgery | p. 70 |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of TIOL | p. 70 |
| Handling of TIOL | p. 71 |
| Preoperative Measurements | p. 71 |
| TIOL Calculation | p. 72 |
| Implantation of TIOL | p. 72 |
| Follow-Up | p. 76 |
| Discussion | p. 76 |
| Rotational Stability | p. 76 |
| Residual Astigmatism | p. 79 |
| Visual Acuity | p. 79 |
| References | p. 79 |
| Wavefront-Modified IOLs | |
| Introduction | p. 81 |
| Aspheric IOLs | p. 81 |
| Corneal Spherical Aberrations | p. 81 |
| Aspheric IOLs | p. 82 |
| Custom Selection of Aspheric IOLs | p. 84 |
| Custom Selection of Aspheric IOLs in Normal Eyes | p. 84 |
| Custom Selection of Aspheric IOLs in Eyes Following Myopic-PRK | p. 85 |
| Custom Selection of Aspheric IOLs in Eyes Following Hyperopic LASIK/PRK | p. 86 |
| Decentration/Tilt of Aspheric IOL | p. 87 |
| Depth of Focus with Aspheric IOLs | p. 89 |
| Clinical Outcome of Aspheric IOLs | p. 90 |
| Conclusion | p. 92 |
| References | p. 92 |
| How Should We Manipulate Higher-Order Aberrations After Refractive Surgery? | |
| Refractive Surgical Procedures Induce Higher-Order Aberrations, and Higher-Order Aberration Correction Can Induce Spherical Refractive Error (Aberration Interaction) | p. 95 |
| Role of Higher-Order Aberrations After Refractive Surgery on Visual Performance | p. 96 |
| Methods to Optimize the Wavefront Error Post Refractive Surgery | p. 96 |
| Wavefront-Guided Laser Profiles | p. 97 |
| Aspheric ("Wavefront-Optimized") Laser Profiles | p. 97 |
| Improved Treatment Registration: Dynamic Rotational Sensible (Active) Eyetrackers | p. 97 |
| Improved Keratomes: Femtosecond Laser LASIK | p. 97 |
| Current and Future State of the Art LASIK and Lenticular Surgery | p. 97 |
| References | p. 98 |
| Current State of Accommodation Research | |
| Introduction | p. 101 |
| Accommodation | p. 101 |
| Presbyopia | p. 101 |
| The Mechanism of Accommodation | p. 101 |
| Anatomy of the Accommodative Apparatus | p. 101 |
| Ciliary Muscle | p. 101 |
| Zonular Fibers | p. 102 |
| Lens and Lens Capsule | p. 102 |
| The Helmholtz Mechanism of Accommodation | p. 102 |
| Far-to-Near Accommodation | p. 102 |
| Near-to-Far Accommodation (Disaccommodation) | p. 102 |
| Proposed Alternative Mechanisms of Accommodation | p. 102 |
| Neural Control of Accommodation | p. 103 |
| Parasympathetic Innervation | p. 103 |
| Sympathetic Innervation | p. 103 |
| Pseudo-Accommodation | p. 104 |
| Presbyopia | p. 104 |
| Development of Presbyopia | p. 104 |
| Theories About the Etiology of Presbyopia | p. 104 |
| Lenticular Origin | p. 104 |
| Extralenticular Origin | p. 105 |
| Multifactorial Origin of Presbyopia | p. 106 |
| Experimental Studies of Accommodation In Vivo | p. 106 |
| Surgical Restoration of Accommodation in the Presbyopic Eye | p. 107 |
| Pseudo-Accommodative Procedures | p. 107 |
| Procedures Intended to Restore Accommodation | p. 107 |
| Scleral Expansion | p. 107 |
| Accommodative Intraocular Lenses | p. 107 |
| Experimental Procedures | p. 107 |
| Evaluation of Surgical Procedures to Restore Accommodation | p. 107 |
| References | p. 108 |
| Corneal Approaches to the Treatment of Presbyopia | |
| Introduction | p. 111 |
| Monovision Approach to Presbyopia Correction | p. 111 |
| Introduction | p. 111 |
| Patient Selection | p. 112 |
| Monovision LASIK | p. 112 |
| Monovision Photorefractive Keratectomy | p. 112 |
| Multi-focal Presbyopic LASIK | p. 114 |
| Introduction | p. 114 |
| Outcome | p. 114 |
| Intracorneal Inlays | p. 115 |
| Acufocus ACI 7000 Corneal Inlay | p. 115 |
| Intracorneal Hydrogel Lenses | p. 116 |
| Conductive Keratoplasty | p. 116 |
| Introduction | p. 116 |
| Outcome | p. 117 |
| Conclusion | p. 118 |
| References | p. 118 |
| Index | p. 119 |
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