Care Proceedings with an International Element

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Table of Abbreviations
Tables of Cases
Tables of Legislation

Chapter 1. Introduction
I. Structure and Methodology

Chapter 2. Private International Law and the Regulation of State Child Protection Measures
I. The Boll Case and the 1902 Guardianship Convention
II. The Convention Concerning the Powers of Authorities and the Law Applicable in Respect of the Protection of Infants 1961
III. The 1996 Hague Convention
IV. The Development of Brussels IIa
V. Conclusion

Chapter 3. Forum Issues in Care Proceedings
I. Introduction - Jurisdiction and Welfare under BIIa/HC96
II. The Welfare Impact of Jurisdictional Decisions.
III. Jurisdictional Decisions and Eekelaar's 'Direct' and 'Indirect' Welfare Paradigm
IV. Transfers of Jurisdiction and Best Interests
V. Determinations of Habitual Residence and Best Interests
VI. Jurisdiction and Families Fleeing Care Proceedings
VII. Jurisdiction in Care Proceedings which do not engage Brussels IIa and 1996 Hague Convention
VIII. Conclusion: Jurisdiction and Welfare

Chapter 4. Practice and Permanence in Care Proceedings with an International Element
I. Introduction
II. Permanence
III. Changing Approaches to Permanence - Policy, Practice and Reforms
IV. Kinship Care: Inadequate Assessments and Untested Placements
V. Conclusion

Chapter 5. Findings on The Operation of Jurisdictional Rules in BIIa / HC96 in Care Proceedings
I. Introduction
II. 'Framing' a Case as Having an International Element
III. Identifying and Exploring Jurisdictional Issues
IV. Jurisdictional Arguments, Litigation Strategies, Decisions which Impact on Welfare
V. Summary Conclusions: Jurisdiction in Care Proceedings

Chapter 6. Findings on Requesting and Exchanging Child Protection Information in Care Proceedings
I. Introduction
II. Information about Prior Child Protection Interventions Overseas
III. Communicating Child Protection Concerns in 'Known Flight' Cases
IV. Communicating Child Protection Concerns in 'Unknown Flight' or 'Planned Relocation' Cases
V. Exchanging Child Protection Information: Comparison with Domestic Cases
VI. Summary Conclusions: Co-Operation to Exchange Child Protection Information

Chapter 7. Findings on Overseas Assessments in Care Proceedings
I. Overseas Assessments: Domestic Context
II. Overseas Assessments: Which Method?
III. Deciding Whether to Conduct and Overseas Kinship Assessment
IV. Adequacy of Overseas Assessments
V. Assessing a Prospective Kinship Carer's Relationship with the Child
VI. 'Top-Up' Assessments by Social Workers Travelling Overseas: 'One of our own'.
VII. Family Members Travelling to the UK for 'Top-Up' Assessments
VIII. 'Testing' an Overseas Kinship Placement
IX. Summary Conclusions: Overseas Assessments

Chapter 8. Findings on Overseas Kinship Placements
I. Introduction
II. Consent to Place a Child in a BIIa/HC96 State.
III. Securing Legal Permanence Overseas: Recognition and Enforcement under BIIa/HC96 and Mirror Orders
IV. Conclusion

Chapter 9. Conclusions and Recommendations
Appendix: Sample Description
I. The Index Child - Age and Gender as Recorded.
II. Mothers and Fathers
III. Family Composition
IV. Siblings
V. Family Residence
VI. Ethnicity
VII. Family Nationality
VIII. Family Immigration Status

Bibliography