| Preface | p. ix |
| Introduction: Ethical Theorizing | p. 1 |
| Metaethics | p. 17 |
| What Is Metaethics? | p. 19 |
| Metaethicai Intuitionism | p. 32 |
| Other Intuitionisms | p. 51 |
| Emotivism and Prescriptivism | p. 62 |
| Reviving Naturalism | p. 91 |
| Morals | p. 111 |
| Normative Morals: A Review of the Popular Theories | p. 135 |
| Introduction | p. 137 |
| Moral Relativism, Again | p. 138 |
| Egoism | p. 143 |
| Virtue | p. 148 |
| Religious Ethics | p. 151 |
| Conscience | p. 156 |
| Convention | p. 158 |
| Legalism: Law and Morals | p. 160 |
| The "Natural" Law | p. 163 |
| Elitisms | p. 164 |
| Innate Moral Reason | p. 166 |
| Kant's Categorical Imperative | p. 167 |
| Bureaucratic Ethics: Rigorism | p. 170 |
| Particularism, Again | p. 172 |
| Sentiment | p. 174 |
| Utilitarianism | p. 175 |
| 'Consequentialism'/'Nonconsequentialism'—A Note on a Bogus Distinction | p. 183 |
| Rawls | p. 185 |
| Normative Morality: A Theory | p. 195 |
| Introduction: The Defining Features | p. 197 |
| The "Social Contract" Approach to Moral Theory | p. 200 |
| Prisoner's Dilemma | p. 204 |
| The Assurance Problem | p. 206 |
| Morality's Contribution to a Solution | p. 206 |
| Rational Morality as the Best Mutual Agreement | p. 208 |
| Nielsen's Critique: Why Should I Be Moral? | p. 210 |
| Alan Gewirth's Argument: Does It Avoid the Social Contract? | p. 211 |
| Critique of the Argument | p. 213 |
| The Hobbesian Premise | p. 215 |
| Unpacking the Metaphor of "Signing Up" | p. 216 |
| Negative versus Positive Rights and Duties | p. 217 |
| Counting the Cost | p. 219 |
| The Hobbesian "Law of Nature" | p. 220 |
| What about the Terrorists? | p. 221 |
| Is Morality Rational? The Score Card | p. 222 |
| Morality: The Carrot and the Stick | p. 225 |
| Mutual Aid | p. 226 |
| Charity and the "Social Contract" | p. 228 |
| Moral Complexity | p. 229 |
| Equality and Egalitarianism | p. 230 |
| Arguments for Equality | p. 233 |
| The Two-Variables Fallacy | p. 235 |
| Morals and Politics | p. 236 |
| Virtue, Again | p. 236 |
| Virtues and Rules | p. 239 |
| Fuzzy Edges and Approximate Principles: Rules and the Real World | p. 240 |
| Moral Luck | p. 241 |
| The "Existential" Factor | p. 242 |
| Personal Concerns versus Moral Requirements | p. 243 |
| Unchosen Personal Obligations | p. 244 |
| Happiness, Living Well, and Doing Well | p. 247 |
| Introduction | p. 249 |
| Human Nature | p. 250 |
| "Realizing" the Self | p. 251 |
| Desire | p. 252 |
| Health as a Model | p. 254 |
| Virtues—One Last Time | p. 255 |
| Accomplishment | p. 257 |
| Meaning | p. 258 |
| A Note on the Religious Life | p. 263 |
| Hedonism | p. 264 |
| Ideals | p. 267 |
| Happiness | p. 268 |
| Challenges | p. 270 |
| A Final Word | p. 271 |
| General Bibliography | p. 273 |
| Index | p. 279 |
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