| A View on Bio-inspiration | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Context/Motivation | p. 2 |
| Rio-inspiration | p. 2 |
| Biotechnology vs. Bib-inspiration | p. 4 |
| Challenges for Science and Technology | p. 4 |
| The Need for a Framework | p. 5 |
| Biological Principles | p. 5 |
| Science and Technology to Mission Capability | p. 9 |
| Conclusion | p. 9 |
| References | p. 9 |
| Investment Approaches | p. 11 |
| Introduction | p. 11 |
| Effect of Globalization on Investment | p. 12 |
| Overview of Investment by Key Countries | p. 12 |
| United States | p. 13 |
| United Kingdom | p. 16 |
| European Union | p. 17 |
| China | p. 17 |
| India | p. 18 |
| Japan | p. 18 |
| Russia | p. 19 |
| Future Trends | p. 19 |
| Conclusion | p. 19 |
| References | p. 20 |
| Conceptual Approach | p. 21 |
| Introduction | p. 21 |
| Operational Requirements and Concepts of Operation | p. 21 |
| Conceptual Goal | p. 22 |
| Enabling Technologies | p. 23 |
| Collection and Sampling | p. 24 |
| Structures | p. 25 |
| Receptors and Surfaces | p. 25 |
| Sensing and Transduction | p. 25 |
| Processing and Communication | p. 25 |
| Power and Energy | p. 26 |
| A Larger Vision of the SASS Concept | p. 26 |
| Conclusion | p. 27 |
| References | p. 27 |
| Structure | p. 29 |
| Introduction | p. 29 |
| Themes in Biological Systems | p. 31 |
| Hierarchical Structures | p. 31 |
| Bottom-up vs. Top-down Approach to Fabrication | p. 32 |
| Multifunctional Materials | p. 33 |
| Structural Parameters | p. 33 |
| Scale | p. 33 |
| Function | p. 34 |
| Biological Joining Technologies | p. 35 |
| Velcro | p. 35 |
| Toe Pad Adhesion | p. 36 |
| Self-healing Materials | p. 40 |
| Superhydrophobic Surfaces | p. 42 |
| Materials | p. 43 |
| Conclusion | p. 46 |
| References | p. 47 |
| Collection and Sampling | p. 49 |
| Introduction | p. 49 |
| Approaches to Collection and Sampling | p. 50 |
| Collection and Sampling Tools | p. 51 |
| Natural Sampling System û Olfaction | p. 52 |
| Bio-inspired Sampling System - Electronic Nose | p. 53 |
| Rio-inspired Materials for Collection and Sampling | p. 54 |
| Molecularly Imprinted Polymers | p. 54 |
| High Surface Area, Highly Porous Materials | p. 56 |
| Polysilsesquioxanes | p. 58 |
| Dendrimers | p. 59 |
| Polymer Nanofibres | p. 61 |
| Bio-inspired/Biomimetic Collection and Sampling Systems | p. 62 |
| Biomimetic Air Sampling | p. 62 |
| Water Collection and Transport (Thorny Devil) | p. 62 |
| Optimized/Controlled Fluid Flow | p. 64 |
| Conclusion | p. 64 |
| References | p. 65 |
| Receptors and Surfaces | p. 67 |
| Introduction | p. 67 |
| Natural Receptors | p. 68 |
| Antibodies | p. 68 |
| Other Bio-derived Molecular Bioprobes | p. 71 |
| Synthetic Ligands | p. 74 |
| Functionalized Surfaces | p. 75 |
| Virus Particles as Scaffolds | p. 76 |
| Lipid Bilayers | p. 77 |
| Hydrogels | p. 77 |
| Nanoarrays with Bio-inspired Nanocorals | p. 79 |
| On the Horizon: Molecular Biomimetics | p. 79 |
| Conclusion | p. 80 |
| References | p. 80 |
| Sensing and Transduction | p. 83 |
| Introduction | p. 83 |
| Transduction Defined | p. 84 |
| Select Examples of Sensing and Transduction Approaches | p. 84 |
| Optica | p. l86 |
| Mass-based and Spectroscopic Methods | p. 88 |
| Piezoelectric | p. 88 |
| Electrochemical | p. 89 |
| Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS) | p. 89 |
| Magnetic | p. 89 |
| Emerging Transduction Technologies | p. 89 |
| Microfabrication and Lab on a Chip Technologies | p. 90 |
| Biomimetic and Bio-inspired Sensing Technologies | p. 91 |
| Smart Materials in Sensing and Transduction | p. 92 |
| Sensing Technologies | p. 92 |
| Conclusion | p. 94 |
| References | p. 94 |
| Energy and Power | p. 98 |
| Introduction | p. 98 |
| Energy Sources | p. 100 |
| Energy in a Natural System | p. 100 |
| Solar Energy | p. 102 |
| Photosynthesis | p. 103 |
| Artificial Photosynthesis | p. 103 |
| Fuel Cells | p. 104 |
| Towards Autonomy: Self-sustaining Systems | p. 109 |
| Space Exploration | p. 112 |
| Conclusion | p. 112 |
| References | p. 113 |
| Processing and Communications | p. 115 |
| Introduction | p. 115 |
| Processing and Communication | p. 116 |
| Parallel Computing | p. 117 |
| Natural Computing | p. 118 |
| Molecular Computing | p. 120 |
| Cognition | p. 121 |
| Applications | p. 122 |
| Sensor Networks | p. 122 |
| Insect Sensory Systems | p. 123 |
| Collision Avoidance/Motion Detection Systems | p. 123 |
| Bio-inspired Networking | p. 125 |
| Bio-inspired Network Routing Protocols | p. 126 |
| Issues | p. 128 |
| Conclusion | p. 128 |
| References | p. 129 |
| The Sass Approach | p. 130 |
| Introduction | p. 130 |
| Design and Manufacture | p. 132 |
| Bioengineering | p. 132 |
| Additive Manufacturing | p. 133 |
| The Sass Approach | p. 134 |
| Component Level | p. 135 |
| System Level | p. 138 |
| System of Systems Level | p. 139 |
| Range of Applications | p. 141 |
| Societal Implications | p. 141 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 142 |
| References | p. 143 |
| Subject Index | p. s144 |
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